International organizations play an important role in global trade, economic development, public health, international security, law enforcement and cooperation among countries. Questions about their headquarters, establishment years, full forms and functions are frequently useful for General Knowledge (GK) preparation.

This topic is relevant for candidates preparing for SSC, Railway, Banking, UPSC, State PSC, Police, Defence, Teaching and other government recruitment examinations.

1. List of Major International Organizations and Their Headquarters

The following table covers the 15 organizations and groups in the supplied study material, with important factual clarifications for examination preparation.

• Key concept: Indian Military Awards • Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams. • Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.

The Indian Military System is primarily recognised by the Indian government. The  honour bestowed by the patriotic award can be put into categories namely:

Wartime Gallantry Awards

Param Vir Chakra

This award is the highest military award. It is awarded for the most conspicuous bravery or some daring or prominent act of valour or self-sacrifice in the presence of the enemy on land, sea or air.

Maha Vir Chakra

The Maha Vir Chakra (MVC) is the second highest decoration. It is awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea or in the air.

Vir Chakra

The Vir Chakra is the third in the order of awards for acts of gallantry in the face of the enemy on land, sea or air.

Peacetime Gallantry Awards

Ashok Chakra

• This award was instituted on the 4th of January in 1952.
• This award is the peace time equivalent of the Param Vir Chakra.
• This award can be awarded to the military as well as civilian personnel and can be awarded posthumously.

Awarded for the most conspicuous bravery or some daring act of valour or self-sacrifice on land, at sea or in the air.

Kirti Chakra

Awarded for conspicuous gallantry.

Shaurya Chakra:

This is awarded for gallantry other than in the face of the enemy. This award may be granted to civilians or to military personnel and may be awarded posthumously.

• It is the peacetime equivalent to Vir Chakra.
• It is generally awarded for counter-insurgency operations and action against the enemy during peacetime.
• It is 3^rd in order of precedence of peacetime gallantry award and comes after Ashoka Chakra and Kriti Chakra.

Wartime/Peacetime service and gallantry awards

• Sena Medal
• Nao Sena Medal
• Vayusena Medal

Wartime Distinguished Service

• Sarvottam Yudh Seva Medal
• Uttam Yudh Seva Medal
• Yudh Seva Medal

Peacetime Distinguished Service

• Param Vishisht Seva Medal
• Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
• Vishisht Seva Medal

• Key concept: Mental Healthcare Bill
• Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams.
• Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.

In a landmark legislation, the Mental Healthcare Bill passed in Lok Sabha on Monday 27th March 2017.

The Mental Healthcare Bill aims to provide for the right to better healthcare for mentally ill patients and decriminalises suicide.

The bill will decriminalise suicide attempt by mentally ill people. The bill also provides for the right to better health care for people suffering from mental illness.
Rajya Sabha had passed the Bill in August last year with 134 official amendments. Health Minister J P Nadda said that the 'The Mental Healthcare Bill' has provisions to protect and restore the property right of the mentally ill people.
Here is all that you need to know about the much talked about bill:

• A person who attempts suicide shall be presumed to be suffering from mental illness at that time and will not be punished under the Indian Penal Code.


• Every person shall have the right to access mental health care and treatment from services run or funded by the government. Free treatment will be provided to homeless or those belonging to Below Poverty Line (BPL), even if they do not possess a BPL card.


• A mentally ill person shall have the right to make an advance directive that states how he wants to be treated.


• After following the advance directive, medical practitioners and health professionals cannot be held liable for any unforeseen consequences.


• Central Mental Health Authority needs to be set-up at national-level, and State Mental Health Authority for every State.


• Every mental health establishment and practitioners (such as clinical psychologists, mental health nurses and psychiatric social workers) have to be registered with the relevant Central or State Mental Health Authority.


• Electro-convulsive therapy - commonly known as electric shock therapy - will only be allowed with the use of muscle relaxants and anaesthesia. Also, the therapy will now be prohibited for minors.


• Sterilisation cannot be performed on a mentally ill person.


• Information pertaining to a person with mental illness cannot be released to media without his/her consent.


• Punishment for flouting the provisions of the Bill can land the violator in jail for six months or a fine of Rs 10,000 can be imposed or both. Repeat offenders can face up to two years in jail or a fine of Rs 50,000 to Rs 5 lakh or both.

 
https://twitter.com/MoHFW_INDIA/status/846372104702373889
 

• Key concept: Preamble And Evolution Of Indian Constitution (Indian Polity Questions) • Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams. • Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.

• Preamble And Evolution Of Indian Constitution
• Fundamental Rights (FRs)
• Directive Principles Of State Policy (DPSP)
• Fundamental Duties (FDs)
• Union / Central Government
• State Government
• Constitutional Provisions For SCs And STs, Women, Children, And OBCs
• Emergency Provisions
• Electoral Process

 
Preamble And Evolution Of Indian Constitution (Indian Polity Questions)
Hello Readers,
We bring you this large list of questions from Preamble And Evolution Of Indian Constitution. This should help you in your preparation of Competitive Exams for Indian Polity.

1. Who is fondly known as the Chief Architect of the Indian Constitution?  Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
2. First attempt in world to constitute a Constituent Assembly to frame a Constitution was made by? America
3. The first attempt by Indians to write a Constitution of India was done by a Committee headed by Motilal Nehru. The report is know as? Nehru Report
4. The idea of the Constitution of India was flashed for the first time by?  M. N. Roy
5. The plan of setting up of a Constituent Assembly to draw up the future Constitution for India was given by ---- The Cabinet Mission Plan
6. The members of the Constituent Assembly were? Elected by Provincial Assemblies
7. Which words were added into the Preamble of the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976? Socialist, Secular, Integrity
8. From which Constitution was a concept of a 5-year plan borrowed into our Constitution? USSR
9. The procedure of Amendment to the Constitution is borrowed from the Constitution Of ?  South Africa
10. Which country is the best example for the Federal and Unitary Governments? America and Britain
11. Which of the following is not a Democratic Institution of the Rig Vedic era? Grama
12. During Medieval India, which kings first established ‘Local Self-Government’? The Cholas
13. The East India Company was established in which year? 1600
14. Which Charter empowered the British Governors of Presidencies to make Bye-Laws, Rules, Regulations in conformity with the British laws? The Charter of 1726
15. Who started Dual Government in Bengal? Robert Clive
16. Who is the first Governor General of Bengal? Warren Hastings
17. Which is the first written document in the Constitutional History of India? The Regulating Act, 1773
18. Which Act created for the first time in India 'Government of India'? Charter Act of 1833
19. Which Act for the first created 'The Supreme Court'? The Regulating Act, 1773
20. First Law Commission was appointed in India for codification of laws under whose Chairmanship? Lord Macaulay
21. Which Act made the beginning of a Parliamentary System in India? Charter Act of 1853
22. Under which of the following Act, the Crown of England took the affairs of the Government of India into its own hands? Government of India Act, 1858
23. The Governor General of India was also the representative of British Crown to Princely States in India and hence was known as? Viceroy of India
24. Which Act for the first time gave an opportunity for Indians to enter into the sphere of Legislature? Indian Councils Act, 1861
25. Which Act made the beginning of Electoral System in India? Government of India Act, 1858
26. Which of the following Act made the Indian Legislature Bi-cameral for the first time? Government of India Act, 1919
27. The famous Dandi March laid by Gandhiji was against?  Salt Tax
28. Which proposal was referred as ‘Post Dated Cheque’? The Cripps Proposal
29. Indian National Congress started ‘Quit India Movement’ after the failure of? Cripps Mission
30. Gandhiji gave a call to all Indians ‘Do or Die’, which is popularly known as? Quit India Movement
31. Which Plan rejected the demand for the independent Pakistan? Cabinet Mission Plan
32. Partition of British India into two independent nations India and Pakistan was done according to?  Mountbatten Plan
33. The Federal features of the Indian Government were introduced by? Government of India Act, 1935
34. Which feature was borrowed by the Indian Constitution from the British Constitution? Law making procedure, Parliamentary System of Government, Rule of law
35. The Constitution supports? Rule of Law
36. In Britain, Parliament is supreme; accordingly which among the following is supreme in India? Constitution
37. The Government of India Act 1935 provided for? Establishment of Federal Court, Diarchy at Center, Provincial autonomy
38. The Act of 1935 abolished? Diarchy in the Provinces
39. The Constitution of India was enacted by a Constituent Assembly set up? Under the Cabinet Mission Plan, 1946
40. The Constituent Assembly of India was created as per the proposal of? Cabinet Mission
41. In which year did the Cripps Mission come to India? 1942
42. The Constituent Assembly set up under the Cabinet Mission Plan had a strength of? 389
43. The strength of the Constituent Assembly, after the withdrawal of the Muslim League, was reduced to? 299
44. How many Committees were set up by the Constituent Assembly for framing the Constitution? 13
45. Who of the following acted as the Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent Assembly? B. N. Rau
46. Demand for a Constitution, framed by a Constituent Assembly was made by? Gandhiji
47. The idea of a Constituent Assembly to frame a Constitution for India was first mooted by? Swaraj Party in 1928
48. Who started with presentation of the ‘Objective Resolution’ on 22nd January 1947? Jawaharlal Nehru
49. When was the ‘Objective Resolution’ moved and adopted? 13 December 1946 and 22 January 1947
50. The Members of the Constituent Assembly were? Elected by Provincial Assemblies
51. The Constituent Assembly of India held its first meeting on 9th December 1946
52. Which one of the following acted as the Provisional President of the Constituent Assembly? Sachidananda Sinha
53. Whom did the Constituent Assembly elect on 11th December 1946 as its Permanent Chairman? Rajendra Prasad
54. Who was elected the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly? B. R. Ambedkar
55. The name of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar is associated with which of the following? Chairman-Drafting Committee
56. Who among the following was member of the Drafting Committee? Ambedkar, Gopalachari Ayyangar, Alladi Krishnaswami
57. Many Provisions in our Constitution have been borrowed from the Government of India Act of which year? 1919
58. The Government of India Act 1919 introduced a system of diarchy in the provinces. ‘Diarchy’ means a system of ? Double government
59. When was the Constituent Assembly established to form the Constitution? 6th December 1946
60. The Constitution of India was adopted on? 26th November 1949
61. The Constitution of India came into force on? 26th January 1950
62. The Constitution of India contains (Articles, Parts, Schedules) 448, 25, 12
63. How much time did the Constituent Assembly take to prepare the Constitution of India? 2 Years, 11 Months, 18 Days
64. Who had given the idea of a Constitution for India of all? M. N. Roy
65. The Constitution of India is ? a written and bulky Constitution
66. The Constitution framed by a Committee consisting of the people representatives is called as? Written Constitution
67. Constitution which provides for a series of semi-autonomous states joined together as a nation is? Federal Constitution
68. Centralization of power is an important feature in? Federal Constitution
69. The Constitution which can be amended by simple act of the legislature is known as? Flexible Constitution
70. Which one of the following provisions of the Constitution came into force soon after its adoption on 26.11.1949? Provisional Parliament, Provisions relating to Citizenship, Elections
71. India has been described under Article 1 of the Constitution as? Union of States
72. The Constitution of India is? Partly rigid and partly flexible
73. The Constitution of India describes India as? Union of States
74. The Indian Constitution is recognized as? Federal in form and Unitary in spirit
75. The feature common of both Indian and American Federation is? The Supreme Court to interpret Constitution
76. The Indian Constitution came into force on 26th January 1950, hence this day is celebrated as? Republic Day
77. January 26th was selected as the date for the inauguration of the Constitution because? Congress had observed it as the Independence Day in 1930
78. 26th November, 1949 is a significant day in our constitutional history because? The Constitution was adopted on this day
79. Which one of the following exercised the most profound influence on the Indian Constitution? The GoI Act, 1935
80. The Parliamentary system of Government in India is based on the pattern of? Great Britain
81. To whom does the People of India gave the Constitution to? Themselves
82. The beginning word ‘WE’ in the Preamble refers to the? The Citizens of India
83. The important test to identify the basic features of the Indian Constitution is? The Preamble
84. The Preamble to the Constitution contain: Fraternity, Democratic, Sovereignty
85. India is a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic. In the Indian Constitution, where does this expression occur? in the   Preamble
86. The Preamble to the Constitution declares India as Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic
87. The Preamble of Indian Constitution has been amended how many times? Only Once.
88. The Preamble was amended on? by the 42nd Amendment, 1976
89. The ‘Fraternity’ in the constitution means? spirit of brotherhood
90. The words 'Socialist Secular' were added by which amendment? the 42nd Amendment
91. 'Liberty' in our Preamble does not include Freedom of? Action
92. Which among the following is an aid to the Statutory Interpretation? Preamble
93. Which of the key to open the minds of the makers of the Constitution? Preamble
94. If the Head of the State is an elected functionary for a fixed term, it is known as ____State? Republic
95. The Preamble to the Indian Constitution is borrowed from which resolution? Objective Resolution
96. Objective Resolution was silent as to the concept of ____ which was inserted into the Preamble by the Constituent Assembly? Democratic
97. Universal Adult Franchise shows that India is a _______ country. Democratic
98. Who proposed Preamble before the Drafting Committee of the Constitution? Jawaharlal Nehru
99. The Preamble of our Constitution reads. We, the people of India in our Constituent Assembly adopt, enact and give to
100. India is called a 'Republic' because?  The Head of the State in India (President) is an elected head for a fixed period
101. 'Sovereignty' in a democracy rests with the? People
102. The Preamble secures Justice, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity to whom? All citizens
103. The Preamble of the Constitution indicates?  The source of the Indian Constitution
104. It is not the objective enshrined in the Preamble. Secure shelter and proper livelihood to all
105. The idea of social, economic and political justice has been taken from _____ Revolution. French
106. The concept of equality and fraternity has been taken from _____ Revolution. Russian
107. Which of the following is described as the ‘Soul of the Constitution’? Preamble
108. Which one of the following is not treated as part of the Constitution? Fundamental Duties
109. Democracy of India rests on the fact that People have the right to choose and change the government
110. The word ‘Democracy’ is derived from which Greek words? Demos and Kratos
111. India opted for a Federal form of government because of which diversity? Linguistic and Regional Diversity
112. What is the chief (ultimate) source of political power (authority) in India? People
113. A Flexible Constitution can be amended easily
114. The Judiciary acts as an guardian of the Constitution in a Federal government
115. India is a Secular State because ? It is described so in the preamble of the Constitution
116. Our Constitution has laid emphasis on securing social, economic and political justice to all the citizens of the country. These objectives are aimed at securing what? Welfare State
117. Modern States are generally considered as? Welfare States
118. A State which does not promote or interfere in the affairs of religion is referred to as? Secular
119. The Constitution is a Dynamic Law
120. The Constitution of India provides which type of citizenship? Single citizenship
121. What does the Constitution provides to the people of India? Powers, Responsibilities, Limitations
122. The fundamental organs of the State are established by? The Constitution
123. Detailed provisions regarding acquisition and termination of Indian citizenship are contained in? Act passed by the Parliament in 1955
124. Which of the following is not a condition for becoming an Indian citizen? [Citizenship by] Acquiring property
125. How can a person lose citizenship? Through Deprivation, Termination, and Renunciation
126. The aims and objectives of the Constitution have been enshrined in? The Preamble
127. The Office of the Governor General of India was for the first time created under? Regulating Act, 1773
128. According to the Act of 1858, the territory was divided into? Provinces
129. When did the British Crown assume sovereignty over India from East India Company? 1858
130. Morley-Minto Reforms were implemented by the Indian Councils Act in which year? 1909
131. Which of the following is also known as the Act of 1919? Montague-Chelmsford Reform Act
132. Under which of the following Act was Provincial Autonomy introduced in India? Government of India Act, 1935
133. Who made the Constitution of India? The Constituent Assembly
134. A Constituent Assembly is convened to Frame the Constitution of the country
135. The Constituent Assembly was set up to under the? Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946
136. Which party was not associated with the Constituent Assembly of India? The Communist Party
137. The Republic of India established by the Constitution is? Sovereign, Socialist, Secular
138. The mind and ideals of the framers of the Constitution are reflected where? In the Preamble
139. In our Constitution, what justice is not given to the citizens? Technical
140. The present Five-year Plan (2002-2007) is which one? The 11th such
141. The word ‘Amend’ means?  remove the difficulties
142. The word ‘Enact’ means? pass a law
143. Who advocated ‘Grama Swarajya’ for the growth of the villages? Gandhiji
144. ‘Poornaswarajya’ was declared as the goal of the Congress on December 1929 in which session? Lahore Session
145. Our Constitution prohibits? Untouchability
146. The Constitution declared India as a Republic on? 26th January 1950
147. Who has given the following statement: "Democracy means a Government of the people, by the people and for the people"? American President Abraham Lincoln
148. Which one of the following features was borrowed by the framers of the Constitution from the US Constitution? Removal of Judges of the Supreme Court, Judicial Review, Fundamental Rights
149. The ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity enshrined in the Preamble of the Constitution were adopted under inspiration from? The French Revolution
150. _______is the chief force of political power in India? The People
151. The Constitution describes the Indian Union as?  India i.e. Bharat
152. The Constitution of India describes India as?  Union of States
153. The two persons who played a vital role in the integration of Princely States were?  Sardar Patel and V. P. Menon
154. The States were reorganized on linguistic basis in?  1956
155. Which State enjoys the distinction of being the first linguistic State of India? Andhra Pradesh
156. The Indian Federal system is modeled on the Federal system of which country? Canada
157. India is known as Parliamentary Democracy because?  Executive is responsible to the Parliament
158. The Indian State is regarded as federal because the Indian Constitution provides for? Sharing of power between Center and States
159. In which Case did Supreme Court hold that the Preamble was a part of the Constitution? Keshavananda Bharti Case
160. In which Case did Supreme Court hold that Preamble was not a part of the Constitution? Berubari Case
161. The Ninth Schedule was added to the Constitution by which amendment? the 1st Amendment
162. Which Schedule details the boundaries of the States and the Union Territories? I
163. The details of salaries, allowances, etc. of the President, Vice President, Speaker, Judges of Supreme Court, etc. are provided in whcih Schedule? II
164. Which Schedule gives details regarding the subjects included in the three lists - Central, State and Concurrent Lists? VII
165. In the Indian Constitution there are three lists, name them? The Union list, the State list and the Concurrent list
166. Which of the following statements is correct?-Rule of Law is a basic feature of the Constitution which cannot be amended under Article 368 of the Constitution
167. As per Article 262 of Indian Constitution, disputes relating to waters shall be solved By? Parliament
168. Which one of the following declares India as a Secular State? Preamble of the Constitution
169. By which of the following a new State is formed? Constitutional Amendment
170. Who is the final interpreter to Indian Constitution? Supreme Court
171. Every Amendment of Indian Constitution has to be approved by the? Parliament
172. Which one of the following States has a separate Constitution? Jammu & Kashmir
173. Apart from the Jammu & Kashmir, which other State has been provided special protection in certain matters? Nagaland
174. Article 356 of the Constitution of India deals with? Proclamation of President’s Rule in a State
175. The State of Jammu & Kashmir was accorded special status under which article? Article 370
176. The Constitution of Jammu & Kashmir was framed by whom? A special Constituent Assembly set up by the State
177. The Constitution of Jammu & Kashmir came into force on? 26 January 1957
178. The special status of Jammu & Kashmir implies that the State has separate? Constitution
179. In case of Jammu & Kashmir, an Amendment to the Constitution become applicable? only after the President issued the necessary orders under the Article 370
180. Under the Parliamentary system of the Government, the Cabinet as a whole is responsible to the Legislature
181. Who is authorized to initiate a Bill for Constitutional Amendment? Either House of Parliament
182. The power of Parliament to amend the Constitution includes? power to amend by way of addition, variation or repeal
183. Which Article empowers the Parliament to amend the Indian Constitution? 368
184. Ninth Schedule to the Constitution is added by way of ____ Constitutional Amendment? 1st
185. What is contained in the Tenth Schedule of the Indian Constitution? Provisions regarding disqualification on grounds of defection
186. Mahatma Gandhiji was first referred to as the ‘Father of the Nation’ by whom? Subhash Chandra Bose
187. ‘Jai Hind’, the nationalist slogan of India was coined by whom? Subhash Chandra Bose
188. Who framed the Constitution of India? Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
189. Which famous leader raised the slogan, "Tell the Slave, He is a Slave and He will Revolt"? Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
190. Who said, “Those who attack Congress and spare Nehru are fools. They do not know the ABCs of the politics? Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
191. What is the name given to the Ambedkar’s house built for himself, his family and books at Dadar, in Bombay? Rajagriha
192. Indian Constitution is Wholly / Partially written? Wholly written
193. The ‘Homespun Movement’ and the Salt March promoted by Mahatma Gandhiji in India are examples of his policy of ? Non-violent protest
194. Which year is considered to be a memorable landmark in the history of India's Struggle for Freedom? 1921
195. The First War of Independence took place in the year (OR) In which year did the Sepoy Mutiny, India’s first Freedom Struggle, takes place? 1857
196. Mahatma Gandhiji was the editor of ? Young India
197. Who was not a member of the Constituent Assembly? Mahatma Gandhi & Mohammad Ali Jinnah
198. Who among the following was not a member of the Royal Commission on the Public Services in India, 1912? Bal Gangadhar Tilak
199. Which national leader of India, preached through his paper ‘Kesari’, his new ideals of self-help and national revival among the masses? Bal Gangadhar Tilak
200. Which newspaper was started by Lokamanya Tilak to serve as a mouthpiece for the Indians in the Freedom Struggle? Kesari
201. The Cabinet Mission to India was headed by whom? Lord Pethick-Lawrence
202. In which one of the following provinces was a Congress ministry not formed under Act of 1935? Punjab
203. Under whose Presidency was the Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress held in the year 1929 wherein a resolution was adopted to gain complete independence from the British?  Jawaharlal Nehru
204. Unity between the Congress and Muslim League (Lucknow Pact) and between the Moderates and Extremists took place in which year? 1916
205. At which Congress Session was the Working Committee authorized to launch a programme of Civil Disobedience? Lahore
206. The historic 1929 Lahore Session of Indian National Congress was presided over by? Jawaharlal Nehru
207. Who among the following drafted the resolution on Fundamental Rights for the Karachi Session of Congress in 1931? Jawaharlal Nehru
208. Who among the following was the Chairman of the Union Constitution Committee of the Constituent Assembly? Jawaharlal Nehru
209. Who made the comment on the Constitution should not be so rigid that it cannot be adapted to the changing needs of national development and strength? Rajiv Gandhi
210. ‘Vande Mataram’ was first sung at the session of the Indian National Congress in which year? 1896
211. The expression ‘Tryst with Destiny’ was used by Jawaharlal Nehru on the occasion of? August Declaration
212. India enacted an important event of Indian National Movement celebrating the 75th anniversary. Which was it? Civil Obedience Movement
213. Which one of the following principle with regard to ‘Panchsheel’? Mutual Non-interference in each other’s internal matters, Mutual Non-aggression, Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty
214. The Agreement between India and China, by which both accepted ‘Panchsheel’ as the basis of their relations, was signed in which year? 1954
215. ‘Panchsheel’ was signed between? Jawaharlal Nehru and Chou-En-Lai
216. When was the famous Gandhi–Irwin Pact signed? 1931
217. Who coined the term ‘Non-Alignment’? Krishna Menon
218. Who among the following repealed the Vernacular Press Act? Lord Ripon
219. Who was assigned the task of partitioning India in 1947? Sir Cyril Redcliffe
220. Which Englishman’s role was control to the founding of the Indian National Congress? (OR) Which British was elemental in the formation of the Indian National Congress? Allen Octavian Hume
221. Subhash Chandra Bose renamed what as "Shaheed and Swaraj"? The Andaman and Nicobar Islands
222. Which party was founded by Subhash Chandra Bose in the year 1939 after he broke away from the Congress? (OR) Which political party was founded by Subhash Chandra Bose? Forward Bloc
223. The Indian National Army was founded by Subhash Chandra Bose
224. In which year and place did Subhash Chandra Bose re-organized the Azad Hind Fauz (also known as Indian National Army–INA)? 1943, Singapore
225. By what name was the woman’s regiment of the Indian National Army known? Rani Jhansi Regiment
226. The INA, organized by Subhash Chandra Bose, surrendered to the British after the collapse of? Japan
227. During the Indian Freedom Struggle, who among the following proposed that Swaraj should be defined has complete independence free from all foreign controls? Abul Kalam Azad
228. Who was the leader of the Bardoli Satyagraha (1928)? Vallabhbhai Patel
229. When did the British Parliament pass the Indian Independence Bill? 1st July 1947
230. The reference to Hindus in Article 25 of the Constitution does not include? Parsees
231. Financial allocation for education was made for the first time by the Charter Act of which year? 1813
232. "Go Back to the Vedas" was the motto of whom? Swami Dayananda Saraswati
233. Which of the following persons became Vice President after serving as acting President of India for a short duration? Mohammed Hidyathullah
234. In 1921, a Session of the Indian National Congress was held when its President was in prison and with some other leader acting as its President. Who was the Congress President in prison? C. R. Das
235. Following the famous ‘Quit India Resolve’, the top Congress leaders were arrested On 9th August 1942
236. The ‘Quit India Movement’ started at and when? in Bombay on 8th August 1942
237. Which famous Movement did Mahatma Gandhi launch in August 1942? Quit India Movement
238. In how many provinces did the Indian National Congress form Governments after the elections to the Assemblies held under the Government of India Act of 1935?  7
239. The Muslim League declared its goal of forming Pakistan in which city in 1940? Karachi
240. Name the only Indian ruler who has died fighting the British? Tippu Sultan
241. Who was the first Muslim Invader of India? Mohammed Bin Kasim
242. The words ‘Satyameva Jayate’ inscribed in Devanagari script below the abacus of the State Emblem of India are taken from where? Mundaka Upanishad
243. The design of the National Flag of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly On? 22nd August 1947
244. Who gave the first draft of the Constitution to the Drafting Committee to consider and improve? B. N. Rau
245. The Final Draft of the Constitution was prepared by? S. N. Mukherjee
246. The State of Bombay, a Part A State in the original Constitution, was split into two States, Gujarat and Maharashtra, in? 1960
247. The Preamble says that the State in India will assure the dignity of the individual. The Constitution seeks to achieve this object by guaranteeing what? Equal fundamental rights to each citizen of India
248. Our Preamble mentions the _____ kinds of Justice.Social, Economic and Political
249. Articles 19(1)(f) and 31 were deleted and Article 300-A was inserted by the following Constitution Amendment Act?  44th
250. Which of the following Article of the Constitution cannot be amended by a simple majority in both the Houses of Parliament? 15
251. Which of the following events made Gandhiji to launch, for the first time, Civil Disobedience Movement? Promulgation of Rowlatt Act of 1919
252. Where did Mahatma Gandhiji first try the weapon of ‘Satyagraha’? South Africa
253. The most effective measure against injustice adopted by Gandhiji was? Fasting
254. Gandhiji started Satyagraha in 1919 to protest against which act? Rowlatt Act
255. Which of the following Acts of British Parliament envisaged for the first time a close association of Indians with the administration? Indian Councils Act, 1909
256. Which of the following Acts gave representation to the Indians for the first time in legislation? Indian Councils Act, 1909
257. Which leader dominated the Lucknow Pact in December, 1916? Bal Gangadhar Tilak
258. The famous Lucknow Pact between the Congress and the Muslim League was concluded in? 1916
259. Which present day country was a part of British India from 1886–1937? Myanmar
260. Which one of the following is related to the development of education in Modern India? Resolution of 1835, Regulating Act, Charter Act, 1813
261. Which British Official was sent to Lahore to negotiate the Treaty of Amritsar with Ranjit Singh? Charles T. Metcalfe
262. Who was the Governor-General of India during the Sepoy Mutiny? Lord Canning
263. Who was the first woman President of UN General Assembly? Vijayalakshmi Pandit
264. Which Section of the Limitation Act defines Tort?  Section 2 (m)
265. The seeds of the doctrine of Basic Structure can be traced to the following:? The majority judgment of Chief Justice Subba Rao in Golak Nath V/s State of Punjab
266. The purpose of the Ilbert Bill was? To remove an anomaly in the Criminal Procedure Code of 1873, according to which no magistrate or sessions judge could try a European or British subject unless he was himself of European birth
267. In India, the liability of the State for wrongs committed by its servants? Is the same as what that of the East India Company prior to the year 1858 (According to Case Kasturi Lal Raliaram Jain V/s State of Uttar Pradesh)
268. An Amendment of the Constitution of India for the purpose of creating a new State in India must be passed by ? A simple majority in the Parliament
269. On which of the following did the Mahalonobis Model laid greater emphasis for planned development in India after Independence? Heavy Industries Development
270. What has been described as the ‘Indian Political Horoscope’ and by whom? The Preamble
271. Who called the word for Preamble as 'Political Horoscope of India'? K.M. Munshi
272. What is meant by saying that India is a 'Secular State'? No official Religion and all religions are equal
273. Where in the Indian Constitution, 'Economic Justice' has been provided as one of the objectives? Preamble and DPSP
274. Who treated as 'Sovereign' in Constitution of India? People
275. Home Rule League was founded by whom? Annie Beasant
276. Who set up the first school of untouchables in India? Jyothiba Phule, 1948, Pune
277. In which year was Untouchability abolished in India? 1950 ( as soon as constitution was implemented)
278. Shimla Agreement between India and Pakistan was signed during which year? 1972
279. The first visible effect of Constitution was?  Disappearance of Princely States
280. The Constitution of India provides _______ system of Government. Cabinet
281. Kashmiri is the Official Language of which state of India? No State in the Indian Union
282. The Lal in Lal, Bal, Pal was Lala Lajpat Rai
283. Indian Constitution is called "Quasi-Federal" because it has Single Judiciary
284. Who succeeded Lord Mountbatten as the first Indian Governor General of the Indian dominion till 26th January 1950 when India became a Republic? C. Rajagopalachari

• Key concept: List of Bird sanctuaries of India • Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams. • Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.  

• Key concept: Directive Principles Of State Policy (DPSP) (Indian Polity Questions)
• Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams.
• Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.

[su_box title="Indian Polity Quiz & Questions" style="default" box_color="#2196F3" title_color="#FFFFFF" radius="3" class=""][su_list icon_color="#333333" class=""]

• Preamble And Evolution Of Indian Constitution


• Fundamental Rights (FRs)


• Directive Principles Of State Policy (DPSP)


• Fundamental Duties (FDs)


• Union / Central Government


• State Government


• Constitutional Provisions For SCs And STs, Women, Children, And OBCs


• Emergency Provisions


• Electoral Process

[/su_list][/su_box]
Hello Readers,
We bring you this large list of questions from Preamble And Evolution Of Indian Constitution. This should help you in your preparation of Competitive Exams for Indian Polity.
Directive Principles Of State Policy (DPSP) (Indian Polity Questions)

1. The framers of our Constitution borrowed the concept of DPSP from the Constitution of (OR) The idea of DPSP is borrowed from the Constitution of which country? Ireland


2. DPSP are contained in (OR) Welfare provisions under Indian Constitution are guaranteed under which part? Part IV


3. Who described the DPSP as the ‘Novel Feature of the Indian Constitution’? Dr B R Ambedkar


4. What is the aim of DPSP?  providing a social and economic base for a genuine democracy in the country


5. What is DPSP? positive instructions to government to work for the attainment of set objectives


6. DPSP are in the nature of Guidelines to State


7. The Constitution assures economic justice to the Indian citizens through? DPSP


8. The DPSP are included in our Constitution from Articles? 36 to 51


9. All of the following Articles deals with DPSP except? 50


10. The DPSP are: Social Rights, Non-justiceable


11. By whom the DPSP be amended? Parliament, supported by more than 50% of States


12. Planning in India derives its objectives from the? DPSP


13. The aim of the DPSP is to establish? Welfare State in the country


14. The enforcement of the DPSP depends on? Resources available with the Government


15. The DPSP may be classified into? Socialist, Gandhians and Liberals


16. This Act was not passed to implement DPSP? Arms Act


17. Which one of the following is a DPSP? Raising the standards of living of the people


18. Under which Article has the State been directed to secure for the citizens a Uniform Civil Code throughout the territory of India?  44


19. ‘Common (Uniform) Civil Code’ means? Common Civil law applicable to all


20. ‘Uniform Civil Code’ means? A codified law applicable to all persons of India irrespective of their religion


21. Which among the following DPSP that has not been implemented so far? Uniform Civil Code


22. Article 51 mandates India’s Foreign Policy to? Promote International Peace and Security, Encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration & Maintain just and good relations between nations


23. The phrase ‘Economic Justice’ is found in? Preamble and FRs


24. The Right to adequate means of livelihood is to be provided by the State under the Article? 39


25. Article 45 mandates the State to provide for? early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of 6 years


26. It is the obligation of the State to protect every monument or place or object of artistic or historic interest and of national importance under the Article? 49


27. The DPSP seek? To make the Constitution an instrument of social change


28. In which part of the Constitution does the concept of welfare finds elaboration? DPSP


29. If India has to provide socio-economic welfare to its citizens, it should give enforceability to? DPSP


30. Certain socio-economic provisions are guaranteed under the? DPSP


31. The State imposing tax on capital and wealth according to taxation laws is protected under Article? 39


32. According to the interpretation of the Supreme Court, the word ‘Material Resources’ means? Both Movable and Immovable property


33. “Distribution of material resources of the community as to sub-serve the common good” guaranteed under the Article 39B aim at the principle of _____ State? Secular


34. Who said in the Constituent Assembly that the DPSP are like a ‘Cheque on a bank payable at the convenience of the bank’? K. T. Shah


35. Which one of the following wanted the DPSP to be the basis for all future legislation? B. R. Ambedkar


36. Which Amendment of the Constitution accorded precedence to all the DPSP over FRs? 42nd


37. Which among the following articles guides the State to promote the welfare of the State? 38


38. Which Article provides for the separation of Judiciary from the Executive? 50


39. Which Article recognizes International Law under the Constitution? 51


40. In which case did the Supreme Court strike down the Provisions of the Constitution that accorded primacy to DPSP over FRs? Minerva Mills


41. Which part of the Constitution aims at establishing a Welfare State in the country? DPSP


42. Under DPSP, the State is expected to provide free and compulsory education to all children up to the age (in years) of? 14


43. Just and humane conditions of work and maximum living wages for workers is provided respectively under the Articles: 42 and 43


44. The State is obligated to protect and improve the environment and safeguarding of forestand wildlife of the country under the Article?  48A


45. Protection and Improvement of environment and safeguarding of forest and wildlife underArticle 48A is inserted into the Constitution by the ______ Amendment? 42nd


46. Which one of the following is a DPSP? The State shall endeavor to protect and improve the environment


47. The 42nd Amendment made additions to DPSP with regard to the following three matters? Participation of workers in the management of industry, Protection of the environment & Free legal aid to the poor


48. Consider the following statements regarding the DPSP? The DPSP aim at realizing the ideals of justice, liberty, equality and fraternity enshrined in the Preamble to the Constitution & The DPSP have to be kept in mind by the government while formulating policies and framing laws.


49. Which one of the following DPSP is based on Gandhian Ideology? Organization of Village Panchayats, Prohibition on the use of intoxicating drinks except for medicinal purposes & To work for the development of weaker or backward sections of the society


50. Which amendment of the Constitution sought to enhance the importance of the DPSP by providing that no law passed to give effect to DPSP contained in Articles 39 (b) and (c) shall be deemed to be void on the ground that it abridges the rights conferred by the Articles 14 and 19? 25th


51. Which of the following factors has been responsible for the slow implementation of the DPSP? Vastness of the country, Lack of resources with the government & Lack of political will


52. Which characteristic of the DPSP provided in the Indian Constitution is incorrect? No law can be passed by legislature which is not in conformity with these principles


53. Which one of the following DPSP reflects Socialist Ideology? to ensure a decent standard of living and leisure for all workers, to provide adequate means of livelihood to all & to prevent concentration of wealth and means of production and to ensure equitable distribution of wealth and material resources


54. The DPSP to be followed by the State for securing economic justice does not include? to secure Uniform Civil Code
    56. Which one of the following has been wrongly listed as a DPSP based on liberal principles?


55. The DPSP cannot be enforced in any court


56. This is not one of the DPSP? take stringent measures to eliminate corruption


57. This is not a DPSP? Secure just and efficient judiciary


58. Free legal aid (Article 39A) is inserted under Indian Constitution by way of ____Amendment? 42nd


59. Village Panchayats (Article 40) are the best examples for India’s __form of government. Democratic


60. The Indian Constitution is silent as to which of the following DPSP? Adult Education


61. Which one of following reasons has been wrongly listed for the slow implementation of DPSP? opposition from the society


62. Which one of the following DPSP did not form part of the original Constitution and was added subsequently through constitutional amendments? to minimize inequality in income, status, facilities and opportunities amongst individuals and groups, right of the workers to participate in the management of industries & to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife


63. Provisions for a welfare State in India are found in? DPSP


64. In Gandhian Socialism?  State is required


65. Which of the following statements regard to the DPSPs is correct? The courts can compel the State to implement some of the important directives


66. Which one of the following DPSP is a socialistic principle? Prevention of concentration of wealth and the means of production, Protection of the health of workers & Equal pay for equal work to all


67. The purpose of the inclusion of DPSP in the Indian Constitution is to establish? Social and Economic democracy


68. DPSPs are the conscience of the Constitution, which embody the social philosophy of the Constitution. The above statement was stated by: Granville Austin


69. Slow implementation of DPSPs in due to? Lack of political will

• Key concept: Union / Central Government (Indian Polity Questions)
• Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams.
• Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.

[su_box title="Indian Polity Quiz & Questions" style="default" box_color="#2196F3" title_color="#FFFFFF" radius="3" class=""][su_list icon_color="#333333" class=""]

• Preamble And Evolution Of Indian Constitution


• Fundamental Rights (FRs)


• Directive Principles Of State Policy (DPSP)


• Fundamental Duties (FDs)


• Union / Central Government


• State Government


• Constitutional Provisions For SCs And STs, Women, Children, And OBCs


• Emergency Provisions


• Electoral Process

[/su_list][/su_box]
Hello Readers,
We bring you this large list of questions from Preamble And Evolution Of Indian Constitution. This should help you in your preparation of Competitive Exams for Indian Polity.
Union / Central Government (Indian Polity Questions)

1. The President of Indian Union has the similar Constitutional authority as? British Monarch


2. The Supreme Court of India was created by? The Constitution


3. The concept of Judicial Review has been borrowed from the Constitution of which country? Switzerland


4. The Seat of Supreme Court is? New Delhi


5. Can a retired judge be asked to sit in the Supreme Court? Yes


6. Which of the following is not one of the three organs of the Union / State? Press


7. Which of the following is considered as the Fourth Estate? Press


8. The organ of the State which makes law is? Legislature


9. The organ of the State implement and execute laws is known as? Executive


10. 'Legislate' means? make law


11. 'Natural Justice' means? just, fair and reasonable action


12. Which of the following is not a function of judiciary? Catching criminals and punishing them


13. Article 254 of the Constitution deals with? dominance of Union laws over State laws in case of any conflict between the two


14. Under the Indian Constitution, the subjects of administration have been divided into? Three lists


15. India is known as a Parliamentary Democracy because the? Executive is responsible to the Parliament


16. In Parliamentary form of Government, the Council of Ministers are responsible to the? Parliament


17. The President of India is an integral part of the? Parliament


18. The Parliament may confer by law any functions on the authorities concerned except the? President


19. All the Executive powers and the Defence forces of the Union shall be vested in the? President\


20. In India, Mandamus will lie against? Both Officers and Government


21. The power to establish new states in India rests with the? Parliament


22. When can the President refer a matter to the Supreme Court for its opinion? When a matter is of public importance


23. Which of the following is not a writ issued only by a superior court to an inferior court? Certiorari


24. The Supreme Court propounded ‘The Theory of Basic Structure of the Constitution’ in which case? Keshavananda Bharti case


25. How many judges sat on the Bench to hear the landmark case of Keshavananda Bharti V/s State of Kerala in 1973? 13


26. Which of the following is not a constitutionally mandatory body? (Commission for)? Center-State Relations


27. The Appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court does not involve in? Disputes arising out of pre-constitution treaties and agreements


28. In India, the power of Judicial Review is enjoyed by which court? Supreme Court only


29. The Chief Justice and other Judges of the High Court are appointed by the? President


30. In criminal matters, the highest court of appeal in a district is the? Court of Second Class Magistrate


31. A High Court for two or more States and or Union Territory may be established by? Law by Parliament


32. Golden Jubilee of Indian Parliament was celebrated on? 13th May 2002


33. Who is the integral part of the Indian Parliament? President


34. Who represents the Nation but does not rule the Nation? President


35. In the Presidential Election (Electoral College)? Parity between the Center and the States has been maintained


36. Indian Constitution has distributed the powers between the Center and _______.? States


37. Who is the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha? The Vice President


38. The Speaker is elected by the Members of ________.? Lok Sabha


39. The President of India is? Elected


40. Who elects the President of India? By Electoral College


41. How many times the President can seek re-election to his post? Infinite times


42. Who acts as the President when neither the President nor the Vice President is available? Chief Justice of India


43. In the Presidential Election in India, every elected member of the Legislative Assembly of a State shall have as many votes as there multiples of one ______ in the quotient obtained by dividing the population of the state by the total number of elected members of the assembly. Thousand


44. A Bill for the purpose of altering the boundaries of any State shall be introduced in either of the House of the Parliament with the recommendation of the _______.? President


45. Which is the Committee recommended for the Reorganization of States? Fazal Ali


46. Which Act has been enacted by the Parliament by exercising its power under the Article 3 of the Constitution? States Reorganization Act


47. States will be reorganized by the Parliament under the Article 3 of the Constitution on the? Linguistic basis


48. A Bill for the purpose of reorganization of states shall be introduced in either of House of the Parliament with the prior approval of the? President


49. India opted for a Federal form of government on the ground of ? Linguistic and Regional diversity


50. Who is the Commander-in-Chief of all the Armed Forces? The President


51. What is the eligibility age and tenure of Office of President and Vice President? (in years)? 35 and 5


52. How many Members can be elected for Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha? 552 & 238


53. How many Anglo-Indian and other Members can be nominated by the President to the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha? 2 and 12


54.  How many States and Union Territories are there in our country? 28 and 7


55. In which year, Delhi got the status of a State? 1993


56. How many seats are reserved for the members of the Scheduled Tribes in the Lok Sabha? 30


57. Which of the following became the 28th State of the Indian Union? Jharkhand


58. Who will preside over the Joint Session of both the Houses of the Parliament? Speaker


59. Which of the following appointments is not made by the President of the Indian Republic? Speaker of Lok Sabha


60. The President will decide the question as to disqualification of the MPs in consultation with the? Election Commissioner


61. Which Article empowers the President to give his assent to Bills? 111


62. Which Article authorizes the President to seek an advice from the Supreme Court? 143


63. In a Federation, the source of power for the States is the? Constitution


64. How the Constitution of India has distributed the powers to different levels? Concurrent List, Central List & State List


65. How many subjects are there in the Central, State and Concurrent Lists? 97, 66 and 47


66. The Central, State and Concurrent Lists indicates division of? Legislative powers


67. Economic Planning is a subject in the? Concurrent List


68. Railways is a subject under ____? Union List


69. Lotteries organized by the State Government come under _____ List.? State


70. Distribution of subjects between the Center and the States is enumerated under ____Schedule? 7th


71. Sarkaria Commission was appointed by the Government to report on? Center-State Relations


72. Planning in India derives its objectives from ? DPSP


73. Which of the taxes is exclusively assigned to Central Government by the Constitution? Corporation Tax


74. The other names for Rajya Sabha (Permanent Body) are? Upper House / House of States


75. The other names for Lok Sabha (Temporary Body) are? Lower House / House of People


76. The word ‘Parliament’ is derived from the French word ‘Parler’ which means? To talk


77. Parliament of India is composed of? Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and President


78. The first session of the Parliament after the General Election is? Mandatory


79. The first session of the Parliament is called as ______ Session.? Budget


80. Lok Sabha is superior to the Rajya Sabha because? (i) it can oust the Council of Ministers through a vote of no-confidence, (ii) it is directly elected & (iii) it alone controls the purse


81. How many MPs of Lok Sabha shall support a motion of ‘No Confidence’ in the government, before it can be admitted by the Speaker? 50


82. Which among the following is identified as the ‘Democratic Chamber’? Lok Sabha


83. Which among the following is described as ‘Knowledge House’? Rajya Sabha


84. Composition and function of Rajya Sabha points towards ________ Character. Federal


85. What is the method of electing members of Rajya Sabha from Union Territories? as law laid down by the Parliament


86. The representation to the States in the Rajya Sabha is given by? in proportion to the State population


87. Which of the following is not done by the Parliament? Adjournment of the Houses of the Parliament


88. The President of India may from time to time? dissolve the Lok Sabha


89. The President and Governors are immune from ____ during their term of Office? Civil liability


90. Which Article of the Constitution gives the protection to the President and Governors? 361


91. To contest for the election of Lok Sabha, the person? should be citizen of India


92. An Ordinance promulgated by the President when one House is in session is? Valid


93. The Ordinance making power of the President is subjected to the control of the? Parliament


94. An Ordinance can be promulgated on the subject mentioned in? List I and List III


95. Parliament has exclusive power to make laws with respect to any matter enumerated In? List I


96. State Legislature has exclusive power to make laws with respect to any matter enumerated in? List II


97. If any matter is not enumerated either under the Concurrent List or under State List then who has the power to legislate on such matters? Parliament only


98. Who has the power to make laws on the subjects enumerated under List III of 7th Schedule? Both Parliament and State Legislature


99. A Resolution passed by the Rajya Sabha empowering the Parliament to legislate under List II on National interest should be supported by? Two-third members present and voting


100. Parliament has power to legislate under the State List on the ground of National Interest if? Rajya Sabha passes a Resolution to that effect


101. A Resolution passed by the Rajya Sabha empowering the Parliament to legislate under State List shall remain in force for a maximum period of? One year


102. Law made by the Parliament on any subject is? Uniformly applicable to all States


103. The law made by the Parliament? Cannot be declared as extra-territorial


104. If the law made by the Parliament is inconsistent with the law made by the State Legislature under the List III, which law has the effect? Law made by the Parliament


105. A Fund which is utilized to meet the unforeseen expenditure is entitled as? Contingency Fund


106. The usual expenditure of the Government of India is charged from? Consolidated Fund


107. The Custody of Contingency Fund of India is with the? President


108. What is the term of the Parliamentary Committees appointed by the President? One year


109. A Select or Joint Committee of the two Houses of a Parliament is formed by? Speaker of the Lok Sabha


110. Which of the following has been wrongly listed as a Standing Joint Committee of the two Houses of the Parliament? Committee on Government Assurances


111. Which of the following Committees of the Parliament has the largest membership? Estimate Committee


112. Parliament Standing Committee for scrutiny of grants of various ministries comprises of? 30 members of Lok Sabha and 15 members of Rajya Sabha


113. The Parliamentary Subject Committees (Number of Committees: 17) were introduced in 1993 on the recommendation of the? Rules Committee of the House


114. The main advantage of the Standing Committee is the? Parliament is able to examine the grants of all ministries and departments in detail


115. One of the main advantage of the Standing Committee is? MPs of Rajya Sabha are able to exercise indirect control over financial matters


116. The Standing Committee, apart from examining the grant of all Ministries and Departments, are able to examine? Long-term policies, Bills of technical nature & Annual reports of Ministries and Departments


117. When an advance grant is made by Parliament pending regular passage of the Budget, it is called? Vote of Account


118. Who is having the power to summon and dissolve the House of Parliament (LS)? President


119. Which Budget will be proposed first in the Parliament House? Railway


120. Usually, General Budget is presented to the Parliament on? Last day of February


121. The first session of the year commences with the address by the ______ in the Parliament. President


122. The first hour of every sitting in both the Houses of Parliament is devoted to? Question Hour


123. What are the timings followed for the Question Hour in the Parliament House? 11 to 12


124. What are the timings followed for the Zero Hour in the Parliament House? 12 to 1


125. The maximum duration of the Zero Hour (in minutes) in Lok Sabha can be? 60 min


126. Zero Hour is ? The period immediately following the Question Hour when the Members voice their concerns on various matters of public importance


127. The immediate hour after the Question Hour in Lok Sabha is called as? Zero Hour


128. Who presides over the joint sessions of Parliament? Speaker


129. What is the minimum age in years for becoming the MP at Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha? 25 and 30


130. Which of the following shall not be introduced in the Rajya Sabha? Money Bill


131. The system of Impeachment of the President is borrowed from the Constitution of? Britain


132. Who can be removed for violation of Constitution by a process called as Impeachment Motion? President


133. The seat of a MP may be declared vacant, if he / she is, without the permission of the House absent from the meeting of that House for a period of ______ days. 60


134. Till now, any President has been removed under the Motion of Impeachment? No


135. Under which Article of the Indian Constitution can the President be impeached? 61


136. Impeachment proceedings against the President shall be initiated in? Either of the Houses


137. The ground for the Impeachment of President is? violation of the Constitution


138. The Indian President can be impeached by the Parliament if? He is charged with the violation of the Constitution


139. Which one of the following takes part in the election of the President but has no role in his impeachment? State Legislative Assemblies


140. The salary / emoluments of which of the following is exempted from Income Tax? President


141. Which one of the following statements is correct? President is not a part of Council of Ministers and hence not permitted to attend its meetings


142. A Bill presented in the Parliament becomes an Act after? The President has given his assent


143. Who occupied the President’s Office twice (two consecutive terms) in our country? Rajendra Prasad


144. Veto is the power of the ________ to withhold or refuse assent to Legislation. Executive


145. Vice President of India draws salary in the designation of ? Chairman of Rajya Sabha


146. Who will elect the Vice President of India? MP (Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha)


147. Which of the following is presided over by a non-member? Lok Sabha


148. Full form of PIL is? Public Interest Litigation


149. PIL can be resorted to in case of injury due to? Violation of a constitutional provision, Breach of any public duty & Violation of the law


150. The Concept of Public Interest Litigation, which has become more popular in India in recent years, originated in? UK


151. Who has the power to pardon in case of capital punishment? President


152. Which Article empowers the President to grant pardon? 72


153. The pardoning power shall be exercised by the President on the advice of the? Home Minister


154. Who is authorized to transfer the judge of one High Court to another High Court? President


155. Which of the following Constitutional post(s) is / are enjoyed for a fixed term? President


156. The Constitution of India vests the executive powers of the Union Government in? President


157. Which Article empowers the President to appoint Prime Minister of India? 74


158. Joint Session of Parliament was held in? (i) Prevention of Terrorism Ordinance, 2002, (ii) Dowry Prohibition Bill, 1961 & (iii) Banking Service Commission Bill, 1978


159. Joint Sittings of the two Houses of Parliament are hold for? Resolution of deadlock between the two Houses on a non-money Bill


160. The House of People (Lok Sabha) can be adjourned sine-die by the? Speaker


161. The President of India is the? Head of State


162. The President of India is ? Elected through Electoral college


163. The President holds Office for a term of five years? from the date on which he / she enters upon the Office


164. The practice of President addressing Parliament has been adopted from Constitution of? UK


165. Which one of the following does not take part in the election of the President? Members-Legislative Councils


166. The name of the candidate for the Office of the President of India has to be proposed by? any 50 members of the Electoral College


167. Who was the first President of the Indian Republic? Rajendra Prasad


168. Who among following got Bharat Ratna Award before becoming the President of India? Radhakrishnan


169. Who is the following enjoys the distinction of being the first Muslim President of India? Zakir Hussain


170. Which one of the following was elected President of India unopposed? Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy


171. Which one of the following political leaders successfully held the Office of the Chief Minister, Speaker of Lok Sabha and President of India? Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy


172. Which one of the following Chief Justice of India enjoys the distinction of having acted as President of India? Justice M. Hidayatullah


173. The election of the Office of the President is conducted by? Election Commission


174. Before entering upon Office, the President has to take an oath or an affirmation, which is administered by? Chief Justice of India


175. The procedure for the election of the President of India can be modified through an Amendment in the Constitution which must be passed by ? two-thirds majority by both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha and be ratified by the Legislatures of at least half of the states


176. To amend the Constitution to change the procedure of election of the President of India, the Bill has to be passed by? Special majority, ratified by more than half of the States


177. The President can nominate two members of the Lok Sabha to give representation to? Anglo-Indians


178. The President, the Head of the State under the Parliamentary system prevailing in India, enjoys? only nominal powers


179. The final authority to make a Proclamation of Emergency rests with? President


180. The President can grant pardon in? (i) All cases of punishment by court martial, (ii) All cases involving death sentence & (iii) All offences against laws in the union and concurrent lists


181. The President of India is not having? Power to control Judiciary


182. Which one of the financial powers is enjoyed by the President? (i) Money Bills can be introduced in the Parliament, (ii) The President appoints a Finance Commission to recommend the distribution of taxes between Union and State Governments & (iii) The President can advance money out of the Contingency Fund of India


183. The President can make laws through ordinances? during the recess of the Parliament


184. Where are disputes regarding election of President and Vice President filed and settled? Supreme Court


185. If the President wants to tender the resignation before expiry of normal term, he / she has to address the same to? Vice President


186. The President of India is elected by ? Elected MLAs and MPs


187. To be eligible (age in years) for appointment as President, a candidate must be? over 35


188. When does the President uses his discretion in appointing the Prime Minister? When no political party enjoys majority in Lok Sabha


189. The Constitution prohibits to enact retrospectively? Laws relating to the election of the President


190. What is the maximum age (in years) for election to the Office of the President? No age limit


191. President can be impeached from Office on grounds of violating the Constitution by? Two Houses of Parliament


192. Impeachment proceedings against the President of India can be initiated? in either of the Parliament


193. Impeachments proceedings can be initiated against the President in either of House of Parliament only if a resolution signed by _______ members of the House is moved. 25% of total


194. This is not the legislative power of the President? to grant pardon


195. When the election of the President is declared void, all acts done by the President in the performance of the duties of his Office before the date of decision become? valid


196. In the event of death or resignation of the President, the Vice President discharges the duties of the office of President? For a maximum period of six months


197. In case the Vice President is not available to discharge the duties of the Office of President, which official discharges these duties? Chief Justice of India


198. Which one of the following Official discharges the duties of the President, if both the President and Vice President are not available? Chief Justice of India


199. If the Office of the President, Vice President and Chief Justice of India falls vacant simultaneously, who succeeds to the Office of the President? Next Senior-most Judge of the Supreme Court


200. When the Office of the President falls vacant, the same must be filled within how much time? six months


201. Who is legally competent to declare war or conclude peace? President


202. After a Bill has been passed by Parliament and sent to the President for his consideration? He can sent it back for reconsideration


203. The President can make laws through ordinances? During the recess of Parliament


204. Ordinance is promulgated by whom? President


205. What financial power is enjoyed by the President? (i) Certain Money Bills can originate in Parliament only on the recommendation of the President, (ii) Only on the recommendation of the Governor & (iii) He can appoint Finance Commission to recommend the distribution of taxes between Union and State Governments


206. Which one of the following officials is not appointed by the President? (OR) In the appointment of which one of the following officials has the President no say? District and Sessions Judges


207. The President of India made use of his / her veto power only once in the? Indian Post Office (Amendment) Bill


208. An ordinance promulgated by the President usually remains in force for? six weeks after the commencement of the next session of the Parliament


209. The President can promulgate an ordinance only when? the Parliament is not in session


210. Proclamation of President’s Rule in a state can be made? if the President, on receipt of a report from the Governor of a State or otherwise is satisfied that a situation has arisen in which the government of the State cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution.


211. The President can dismiss a member of the Council of Ministers on the? recommendation of the Prime Minister


212. The Presidential Address is prepared by? The Prime Minister and his / her Cabinet


213. Who among the following are appointed by the President of India? 1. State Governors, 2. Chief Justice and Judges of High Courts, 3. Chief Justice and Judges of Supreme Court


214. The President of India is elected on the basis of? Proportional representation by single-transferable vote


215. Who will appoint the Attorney General of India? President


216.  The Vice President of India is? Elected by MPs (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) at a joint sitting


217. Vice President of India can be removed from Office before expiry of his / her term by? Two Houses of Parliament


218. The Vice President of India discharges the duties of President in the event? (i) His death, (ii) His resignation & (iii) His absence due to illness


219. The Vice President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of the? Rajya Sabha


220. Who decides disputes regarding the election of the Vice President? Supreme Court


221. The Vice President discharges the duties of the President during his / her illness for a maximum period of? Indefinitely


222. When the Vice President discharges duties of Office of President, he is entitled to? salary and allowances attached to the President’s Office


223. The Vice President has? Right to preside over Rajya Sabha


224. No criminal proceedings shall be instituted during his term of Office against the? Vice President


225. Among the four pairs given below, which one consists of correct combination of dignitaries who became Vice Presidents after having held diplomatic positions? S.Radhakrishnan and G. S. Pathak


226. Which one of the following Vice President(s) resigned from his Office to contest for the Office of the President? VV Giri


227. Who of the following held the Office of the Vice President of India for two full terms? Radhakrishnan


228. Who of the following became President of India without serving as Vice President? Sanjeeva Reddy


229. Who is the first Chief Justice to be appointed as acting President of India? Hidayatullah


230. Which Article provides that there shall be the Prime Minister of India? 74


231. The Prime Minister is? Head of Government


232. The Office of the Prime Minister? has been created by the Constitution


233. The Prime Minister is? appointed by the President


234. Who is the real Executive under the Indian Constitution? Prime Minister


235. Who is considered as the Chief Spokesperson (Spokesman) of the Union Government? Prime Minister


236. Who is the Chairman of the Planning Commission and National Development Council? PM


237. Generally, the Prime Minister is? Leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha


238. The Prime Minister holds Office? As long as he enjoys confidence of Parliament


239. Generally the Prime Minister is? Member of Lok Sabha


240. Who announces the Government policies on the floor of the House? Prime Minister


241. Who recommends for the dissolution of Lok Sabha? Prime Minister


242. Who presides over the meetings of the Council of Ministers? Prime Minister


243. Who acts as the channel of communication between the President and Council of Ministers? PM


244. Who is the keystone of the Indian Constitution? Prime Minister


245. Who describes the Prime Minister of India as ‘Primus Inter Pares’ (first among equals)? Lord Morely


246. The members of Council of Ministers are appointed by the? President on the advice of the Prime Minister


247. A person can be member of the Council of Ministers without being a MP for a maximum period of ___ months? six


248. Who enjoys distinction of having been the Prime Minister of India for longest duration? Indira Gandhi


249. Who became the Prime Minister of India without becoming a Union Cabinet Minister? H. D. Deve Gowda


250. Which State of India has contributed the maximum Prime Ministers? Uttar Pradesh


251. Maximum number of ‘No Confidence Motion’ were admitted and discussed during the Prime Ministership of? P. V. Narasimha Rao


252. The first Prime Minister of India was appointed by the? Governor General


253. The Office of the Deputy Prime Minister? is an extra-constitutional growth


254. Indian Constitution is silent on the concept of? Deputy Prime Minister


255. Who enjoys the distinction of being the first Deputy Prime Minister of India? Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel


256. Lal Krishnan Advani is the ______ Deputy Prime Minister? 7th


257. Which one of the following Motion can be moved by the Government? Confidence Motion


258. Which one of the following statement is correct? The Prime Minister of India? has full discretion in the choice of persons who are to serve as Ministers in his Cabinet


259. Which of the following enjoys the distinction of being the first recognized Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha? Y. B. Chavan


260. A political party is accorded status of an Opposition Party in Lok Sabha if it captures at least? 10% of seats


261. 'Collective Responsibility of the Cabinet' means all Ministers are collectively responsible to (OR) The Union Council of Ministers are responsible to ? Lok Sabha


262. Who enforces collective responsibility amongst the Council of Ministers? Prime Minister


263. The phrase under the Article 74 “There shall be Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister is its Head” is? Mandatory


264. Who presides over the meetings of the Council of Ministers? Prime Minister


265. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to? Parliament


266. Who allocates portfolios among the Council of Ministers? President on the recommendation of Prime Minister


267. A member of Council of Ministers can be dismissed by the President? on the recommendation of the Prime Minister


268. The vote of ‘No confidence’ is passed against a Minister? The whole Council of Ministers has to resign


269. Though the Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Parliament, the individual Ministers are responsible to? President


270. The President of India is removed from Office by? Impeachment


271. The President of India is not bound by the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers in the matter of appointment of? Union Ministers


272. The Parliament of India consists of? resident, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha


273. Members of the Lok Sabha are? Directly elected by the people


274. How many seats have been reserved for the Union Territories in the Lok Sabha? 20


275. The number of Ministers in the Central Government is fixed by the? Parliament


276. Seats are allocated to the various States in the Lok Sabha on the basis of? their population


277. Who among the following can initiate an amendment to the Indian Constitution? Either House of Parliament


278. Which State sends the maximum representatives to the Lok Sabha? Uttar Pradesh


279. The 42nd Amendment raised the term of the Lok Sabha to _____ years? six


280. The term of Lok Sabha can be extended beyond its normal term of five years by the? President during National Emergency only


281. The President can extend the life of the Lok Sabha during a National Emergency in the first instance for a period of ______ months? one


282. The Rajya Sabha can be dissolved by? Cannot be dissolved


283. The continuation of National Emergency beyond a period of six months is possible only with the approval of? Parliament by special majority


284. What is the maximum gap in months permissible between two sessions of Parliament? Six


285. Who can dissolve the Lok Sabha before the expiry of its normal term of five years? President on the recommendation of the Prime Minister


286. Which of the following statements correctly describes a ‘Hung Parliament’? A Parliament in which no party has a clear majorityA Parliament in which no party has a clear majority


287. The President can call a joint session of the two Houses of Parliament? (i) If the House does not take any decision for six months on a Bill remitted by the other, (ii) If a Bill passed by one House is rejected by the other & (iii) If the Amendment proposed to a Bill by one House is not acceptable to the other


288. In the Rajya Sabha, the States have been provided? Representation on the basis of population


289. The maximum number of representatives are sent to the Rajya Sabha by? Uttar Pradesh


290. The members of Rajya Sabha shall be elected by? MLAs


291. Who reserves the right to convene joint sessions of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha? President


292. Representatives of the Union Territories in the Rajya Sabha shall be chosen by the? Parliament


293. Which one of the following is not a Central tax? Sales Tax


294. A Money Bill can originate? Only in the Lok Sabha


295. Which of the following Bills can be introduced in the Parliament only with the prior approval of the President? Money Bills


296. A Bill for which the President is bound to give his assent without sending it back for fresh consideration is? Money Bill


297. Which one of the following Bills must be passed by each House of the Indian Parliament separately, by special majority? Constitution Amendment Bill


298. How many times the President can return a Non-Money Bill, passed by the Parliament for its consideration? Once


299. The Rajya Sabha is a Permanent House but? One-third of its members retire two years


300. A Money Bill passed by the Lok Sabha can be delayed by the Rajya Sabha for a maximum period of? 14 days


301. Which of the following sets of Bills is presented to the Parliament along with Budget? Finance Bill and Appropriation Bill


302. Salary of which one of the Officials is not charged on the Consolidated Fund of India? Prime Minister


303. A Minister must be a Member of? Parliament


304. The Prime Minister acts as a channel of communication between? Ministry and President


305. Cabinet Ministers has to tender its resignation if a no-confidence vote is passed against it by? Lok Sabha


306. In which system, the government can be removed by way of ‘No Confidence Motion’? Parliamentary


307. Who will determine the rank of different Ministers in Union and State Council of Ministers? Prime Minister and Chief Minister


308. Which of the following powers is exclusively vested in the Rajya Sabha? To recommend the creation of new All India Services


309. The Rajya Sabha can be dissolved before expiry of its term by the ---------


310. Who is the first woman film star nominated or elected to Rajya Sabha? Nargis Dutt


311. No taxes can be levied or expenditure incurred without the approval of the? Parliament


312. Who decides disputes regarding the disqualification of MPs? The President in consultation with Election Commission


313. Election to the Lok Sabha could not be held in Punjab in December 1984 due to? Uncertainties created by growing terrorist activities


314. Who decides whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not? (OR) If any question arises whether a Bill is Money Bill or not, the decision of the _____ is final? Speaker


315. All Money Bills can be introduced? in Lok Sabha only


316. Who is the first Speaker of the Lok Sabha who died in Office? G.M.C. Balayogi


317. Who presides over the Lok Sabha if neither the Speaker nor the Deputy Speaker is available? A Member appointed by President


318. If there is a disagreement between the two Houses of the Parliament on any particular Bill? A Joint sitting of the two Houses of Parliament is convened


319. In the Indian Constitution, the Budget is referred as? Annual Financial Statement


320. During the discussions in Parliament, ‘Guillotine’ applies to ? Demands for Grants


321. Which Assembly is presided over by a non-member? Rajya Sabha


322. The Chairman of the Rajya Sabha has? a vote only in case of tie


323. The Secretary General of the Lok Sabha, who is the Chief of the Lok Sabha Secretariat, is appointed by? Speaker


324. The Parliament of India cannot be regarded as a sovereign body because? (i) of the presence of certain fundamental rights of the citizens, (ii) its authority is confined to jurisdiction earmarked by the Constitution & (iii) laws passed by Parliament can be declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court


325. The Parliament of India exercises control over administration? through Parliamentary Committees


326. The speech made by a MP on the floor of House? cannot be questioned in any Court of Law


327. The Parliament works through numerous committees, whose members are? Either appointed by the Speaker or elected by the House


328. This is not the function of Lok Sabha? Judicial


329. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha makes use of his / her casting vote only? in case of tie i.e. when votes are equally divided


330. Lok Sabha Secretariat works under the direct supervision of the? Speaker


331. Lok Sabha passes vote on account to? meet the expenditure during the period between the introduction of budget and its passage


332. Which State sends the maximum number of representatives to the Rajya Sabha? Uttar Pradesh


333. A half an hour discussion can be raised in the House after giving notice to the? Secretary General of the House


334. A MP enjoys immunity from prosecution for having said anything? in the Parliament and its Committees


335. The final decision whether a MP of Lok Sabha has incurred disqualification under the Defection Law rests with the? Speaker


336. The Parliament or State Legislature can declare a seat vacant if a member absents himself without permission from the sessions for _____ days.? 60


337. Who presides over the Lok Sabha if neither Speaker nor Deputy Speaker is available? a member of the panel of Chairmen announced by Speaker


338. The function of the Pro-Temp Speaker is to? swear-in members and hold charge till a regular Speaker is elected


339. Which one of the following are the Financial Committees of Parliament of India? 1 Public Accounts Committee, 2. Estimate Committee & 3. Committee on Public Undertakings


340. The Public Accounts Committee submits its report to the? Speaker


341. The Comptroller and Auditor General acts as friend, philosopher and guide of? Public Accounts Committee


342. Which one of the following motions is related with the Union Budget? Cut Motion


343. Which of the following Committees of Parliament is concerned with the regularity and economy of expenditure? Public Accounts Committee


344. Who of the following is considered the Custodian of the Parliament? Speaker


345. A member, after being elected as Speaker of Lok Sabha, generally? cuts-off his connection with his party


346. Which one of the following is the correct definition of the term ‘Whip’? State in which all the members of the political party are required to be present in the Parliament and vote according to the instructions of the party


347. Who among the following may belong to Rajya Sabha but can speak in both the Houses? Ministers who are MPs of Rajya Sabha


348. Which one of the following statements regarding the Office of the Speaker is correct? if he intends to resign, the letter of his resignation is to be addressed to the Deputy Speaker


349. Which of the following statement is correct? the term of the Lok Sabha can be extended by one year at a time


350. Which one of the following Lok Sabha enjoyed a term of more than five years? 5th


351. The differences between the two Houses of Parliament are resolved through (OR) Disagreement between the two Houses of the Indian Parliament is finally resolved by which of the following processes? a joint session of the two Houses


352. The quorum or minimum number of members required to hold the meeting of either House of Parliament is? one-tenth


353. Which of the following States sends the largest number of MPs to Lok Sabha after Uttar Pradesh? Maharashtra


354. Which of the following statements is not correct? In the event of the dissolution of the Lok Sabha, any Bill pending in the Rajya Sabha, but not passed by the Lok Sabha, lapses


355. Under the new Committee system launched in April 1993, out of the 17 Standing Committees? 6 are constituted by the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha and 11 by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha


356. The term ‘closure’ in Parliamentary terminology? stoppage of debate on a motion


357. ‘No Confidence’ motion against Council of Ministers can be introduced in the? Lok Sabha


358. The Supreme Court of India consists of a Chief Justice and _____ Judges? 30


359. Who is the first Chief Justice of India? Harlal J. Kania


360. The following factor does not help to maintain independence of judiciary? highly attractive retirement benefits


361. The Principles of Natural Justice do not require? follow instructions strictly by superior officer


362. The Supreme Court of India was set up? By the Constitution


363. Which is the highest Court of appeal in India? Supreme Court


364. Who interprets the Indian Constitution? Supreme Court


365. Which Article provides that laws laid down by Supreme Court is binding on all courts in India? 141


366. Which Article empowers the Supreme Court to review its own judgment? 137


367. The Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the? President in consultation with the Chief Justice of India


368. The Judges of the Supreme Court hold Office till they attain the age (in years) of? 65


369. One of the qualifications to become the Judge of the Supreme Court is? In the opinion of the President, he must be a distinguished Jurist


370. The Supreme Court holds its meetings at New Delhi, but it can meet elsewhere? With the approval of the President


371. For criminal misconduct, the Judge of the Supreme Court? can be prosecuted


372. In the event of non-availability of Chief Justice of India, an Acting Chief Justice can be appointed by the? President


373. The Judges of the Supreme Court can be removed by? the President on the recommendation of the Parliament


374. The Judges of the Supreme Court can be removed on the ground of proved misbehavior by the _____ if the Parliament passes a resolution with two-third majority present and voting? President


375. The Supreme Court of India is a court of record which implies that (i) All its decisions have evidentiary value and cannot be questioned in any court & (ii) It has power to punish for its contempt


376. The Supreme Court tenders advice to the President on a matter of law or fact? only if he seeks such advice


377. The advice of the Supreme Court is? not binding on the President


378. All cases involving an interpretation of the Constitution fall within the? Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court


379. The Power of the Supreme Court to decide disputes between the Center and States fall under its? Original Jurisdiction


380. Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India relates to? Disputes between Union and States


381. The Supreme Court has Original Jurisdiction in? All Inter-State disputes


382. Under the Advisory Jurisdiction, the Supreme Court gives it’s opinion to the? President


383. Appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court does not include? appeals against writs


384. Appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in appeal from High Court in regard to civil matters pertaining only to? Substantial question of law


385. Who has the power to enlarge the Jurisdiction of Supreme Court with respect to any matter contained under the Union List? Parliament


386. Which of the following statement refers to ‘Epistolary Jurisdiction’ of the Supreme Court? Taking cognizance of the concerned matter through letter addressed to the Court


387. Who has the power to increase the number of Judges of the Supreme Court? Parliament


388. Ad hoc Judges can be appointed in the Supreme Court by the? Chief Justice of India with the prior consent of the President


389. Ad hoc Judges can be appointed to the Supreme Court? if requisite number of Judges are not available to hold the meeting of the Court


390. How many Judges of the Supreme Court have been removed from their Office before the expiry of their normal term through Impeachment? none


391. Which of the following has been wrongly listed as criteria for appointment as a Judge of the ? Supreme Court


392. Which conditions does not contribute to the independence of the Indian Judiciary? Once appointed, the Judges cannot be removed from their Office before the date of retirement


393. Which of the following statements regarding Supreme Court of India is not correct? Acts as the protector of the Directive Principles of State Policy


394. Which of the following cases was connected with the Supreme Court’s judgment in 1980 that the Amendments made to Articles 31 (c) and 368 are invalid? Keshavananda Bharti Case


395. In which Case did the Supreme Court restore the primacy of Fundamental Rights over Directive Principles of State Policy? Minerva Mills Case


396. Any Act violating Article 13(2) of the Constitution shall be declared as Unconstitutional by? Supreme Court


397. ‘Appeal by Special Leave’ means? Supreme Court, granting in its discretion special permission to appeal from any judgment passed by any Court


398. The framers of Constitution borrowed the idea of Judicial Review from Constitution of? USA


399. The framers of Constitution adopted the doctrine of Judicial Review? to ensure proper working of the federal system of the government


400. It became imperative for the framers of the Indian Constitution to adopt the doctrine of Judicial Review because of? Adoption of Federal system of Government


401. Which Amendment curtailed the Supreme Court/High Court’s power of Judicial Review? 42nd


402. The concept of ‘Judicial Activism’ gained currency in India in? 1990s


403. Judicial Activism has led to increase in the powers of? Judiciary


404. The concept of Judicial Review is borrowed from the Constitution of? USA


405. In India, power of Judicial Review is restricted because? Constitution is supreme


406. While imparting justice, the Supreme Court relies on the principle of? Procedure established by law


407. On which List does the Union Government enjoy exclusive powers? Union List


408. On which List do the States enjoy exclusive jurisdiction? State List


409. The subjects of National Importance were enumerated under? Union List


410. Subjects like Defence and External Affairs are enumerated under? List I


411. Subjects of Local Importance were enumerated under? List II


412. The Constitution of India vests the Residuary powers in? Union Government


413. Under the Constitution, Residuary Powers vested with the? Union Government


414. In case of conflict between the Central and State laws on a subject in Concurrent List? Law of the Center prevails


415. The concept of Concurrent List is borrowed from the Constitution of? Australia


416. At the time of accession to the Dominion, the States acceded only three subjects:? Defence, Foreign Affairs and Communication


417. The Constitution of India has created? very strong center


418. The Parliament can legislate on any subject in the state list? in all these cases


419. The Central Government can issue directions to the State with regard to the subjects in? All these Lists


420. Which among the following subject is transferred from State List to Concurrent List by 42nd Constitutional Amendment? Education


421. A Law passed by the State Legislature on a Concurrent list gets precedence over the Central Law if? It was approved for the President


422. Water disputes between the States shall be decided by? A Body appointed by Parliament


423. A tax shall not be levied or collected except by the authority of the? Law


424. The main purpose to impose taxes is to? Run the machinery of State


425. The Provisions regarding division of taxes between Union and State can be suspended? During National Emergency


426. The procedure for amendment of the Indian Constitution is? partly rigid and flexible


427. The Amendment procedure of the Constitution of India has been modeled on the Constitutional pattern of? South Africa


428. Which Article of the Indian Constitution deals with the amendment procedure? 368


429. Which was the lengthiest Amendment to the Constitution? 42nd


430. Which Amendment affirmed the right of the Lok Sabha to amend any part of the Constitution? 24th


431. The 24th Amendment became necessary as a result of the Supreme Court judgment in? Golak Nath Case


432. After a Bill is passed by the Parliament it is sent to the President for his assent, who can return it for reconsideration to Lok Sabha. But if the Bill is re-passed and sent to the President for his assent, he? has to sign it


433. If Finance Minister fails to get Annual Budget passed in the Lok Sabha, the Prime Minister can? submit resignation of his Cabinet


434. The Comptroller and Auditor General acts as the? Guardian of public finances


435. The Comptroller and Auditor General is appointed by? President


436. The Comptroller and Auditor General holds Office? for a term of six years


437. The Comptroller and Auditor General can be removed from his Office before the expiry of his term by the? President on the recommendation of the Parliament


438. The salary and allowances of the Comptroller and Auditor General are paid out of the? Consolidated Fund of India


439. The salary and allowances of the Comptroller and Auditor General? are determined by the Parliament


440. The Constitution secures the independence of the Comptroller and Auditor General by ? (i) making the removal of CAG very difficult, (ii) providing that his salary and service conditions shall not be changed to his disadvantage & (iii) by giving the CAG complete control over his administrative staff


441. The Comptroller and Auditor General performs? only audit functions


442. The Comptroller and Auditor General submits his annual report regarding the Center to the? President


443. The Office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India was created? under the Constitution


444. The Comptroller and Auditor General is intimately connected with the following Committee of the Parliament? Public Accounts Committee


445. The Comptroller and Auditor General presents a detailed review of Union Accounts to the Union Finance Minister every? twelve months


446. The Comptroller and Auditor General does not audit the accounts of? Municipal Bodies


447. The Comptroller and Auditor General has to submit the Audit Report of the Central and State Governments before the? President and Governor


448. Which one of the following is the most important item of expenditure of the Government of India on the revenue account? Interest payments


449. The Attorney General of India is the? Highest Legal Officer of Union Government


450. The Attorney General of India is appointed by the? President


451. The Attorney General of India holds Office? during the pleasure of the President


452. Which of the following duties / functions has been assigned to the Attorney General of India? to render legal advice to Central Government


453. Who of the following acts as the Chief Legal Advisor to the Government of India? Attorney General


454. If the Attorney General of India wishes to tender his resignation before the expiry of his term, he has to address his resignation to the? President


455. Who has the right to participate in proceedings of the Parliament even though he is not a MP? Attorney General of India


456. The three types of Civil Services envisaged under the Constitution are? All India Services, Central Services and State Services


457. Which one of the following is presided over by a Non-member? Rajya Sabha


458. If the Rajya Sabha rejects a Money Bill, but follows? The Lok Sabha can send the same for Presidential assent


459. Which Article provides for the composition of Finance Commission? 280


460. The Finance Commission has a term of _____ years? 5


461. The Finance Commission consists of _____ number of Members? 5


462. Who appoints the Finance Commission? President


463. The Report of Finance Commission shall be laid before the? President


464. Grants-in-aid of revenue to the state is recommended by ? Finance Commission


465. Who finally approves the draft of Five Year Plans? National Development Council


466. For those Union Territories without Legislative Councils of their own, laws are passed by the? Parliament


467. The day-to-day administration of the Union Territory is looked after by the? President


468. For Union Territories without legislative assemblies on their own, laws are passed by the? Parliament


469. Which one of the following is the 28th State of the Indian Union? Jharkhand


470. Which one of the following was a Union Territory before it was accorded the status of a full-fledged State?


471. Which one of the following has been wrongly listed as a Union territory?


472. Who is the competent to prescribe conditions for acquisition of citizenship? Parliament


473. Which of the following is the Indian Constitution to Parliamentary procedures? Adjournment Motion


474. What is the minimum duration in (years) of stay essential before a person can apply for Indian citizenship? 5


475. Who has the power to increase the salary and allowances of the President of India? Parliament


476. One-third of the members of the Rajya Sabha retire every ______ year(s). two


477. ‘Special majority’ means more than? two-third % majority


478. ‘Special leave’ means? permission granted by the Supreme Court to appeal


479. ‘Respite’ means? awarding lesser punishment


480. ‘Violate’ means? commit breach of law


481. ‘Interpret’ means? ascertaining the meaning of a word


482. Which one of the following Commission has not been provided in the Constitution? Planning


483. The Planning Commission is a? Executive Body


484. Which of the following Offices has not been provided in the Constitution? Deputy Prime Minister


485. Which Article of the Constitution provides protection to the Civil Servants? 311


486. Who has the power to create All India Services? Parliament


487. Which Article of the Constitution authorizes the Parliament to create All India Services? 312


488. Parliament under the Article 312 gets the power to create All India Services when? Rajya Sabha passes a Resolution with two-thirds majority


489. Which Article of the Constitution provides for the composition of Public Service Commission? 315


490. The Members of Indian Administrative Services will be under the control of? Ministry of Human Resources Development


491. The Members of Indian Police Services will be under the control of? Home Minister


492. The Members of Indian Forest Services will be under the control of? Ministry of Environment and Forest


493. Immediate control of the members of All India Services lies with the? State Government


494. The disciplinary actions against the members of All India Services lies with? Central Government


495. Members of All India Services hold office during the pleasure of the? President


496. Which of the following All India Services contain in the Constitution? (i) All India Judicial Services, (ii) Indian Forest Services & (iii) Indian Administrative Services


497. Which of the body which recruits persons to All India Services? Union Public Service Commission


498. Chairman and Members of UPSC / WBPSCC shall hold Office for a term of __ years and tenure of __ years. 6/6 and 65/62


499. In the removal of which of the following officials does the Parliament play no role? Chairman of the Union Public Service Commission


500. Chairman and Members of UPSC / WBPSCC may resign their Office by submitting their resignation to the (OR) Chairman and Members of UPSC / WBPSCC can be removed on ground of proved misbehavior by the? President / Governor


501. Salaries and Pension of the Chairman and Members of UPSC shall be charged from the? Consolidated Fund


502. UPSC / WBPSCC has to submit an Annual Report to the? Parliament / Governor


503. Who enjoys the Rank of a Cabinet Minister of Indian Union? Deputy Chairman of Planning Commission


504. Planning Commission was composed in the year? 1950


505. Who heads the National Integration Council? PM


506. Recognition of States was done in the year 1956 on the ground of _____ basis.? Linguistic


507. Which is the first State in India formed on Linguistic grounds? Andhra Pradesh


508. Which Part of the Constitution incorporates Special provisions to the State of Jammu & Kashmir? XXI


509. The Provisions with regard to the Union Territories are incorporated under the Constitution by way of ____ Constitution Amendment Act. 7th


510. Every Union Territory shall be administered by the? President


511. The Union Territory does not have? Recognized Official language


512. Who has power to create Legislature or Council of Ministers or both for certain Union Territory (Pondicherry)? Parliament


513. Under Indian Constitution, the Union Territory of Delhi is referred as? National Capital Territory


514. When did Delhi became Union Territory? 1956


515. The Administrator appointed under the Article 239 to the Union Territory of Delhi is called? Lieutenant Governor


516. Which of the following Union Territory shall have Legislative Assembly? Delhi


517. Legislative Assembly of Delhi shall have power to make laws for the whole of National Capital Territory with respect to the matter contained in? Both List II and III


518. The Chief Minister of Delhi shall be appointed by the? Lieutenant Governor


519. The Council of Ministers of Delhi shall hold Office during the pleasure of? Prime Minister


520. The Council of Ministers of Delhi shall be collectively responsible to? Legislative Assembly of Delhi


521. The Emergency provision for National Capital Territory of Delhi is enshrined under the Article? 239A


522. Who has the power to constitute a High Court to the Union Territory? Parliament


523. Before 1956, the present day Union Territory were characterized as? Part C States


524. Parliament has delegated some legislative powers in relation to the Union Territory to? Union Government


525. The aid and advice rendered by the Council of Ministers to the Administrator of the Union Territory is? Discretionary


526. Who is authorized to appoint the Chief Minister of Delhi? Lieutenant Governor


527. In 1954, Government of India introduced decorations (in form of the medals) Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Sri Awards under the Article? 18


528. In 1996, the Supreme Court upheld the validity of the Civilians Awards, but recommended that the total awards to be given each year in all categories should be restricted to? 50


529. Indian Constitution was inaugurated on? 26.01.1950


530. The Chairman of Rajya Sabha is? Elected by the two Houses of Parliament


531. Which one of the Constitutional posts is enjoyed for a fixed term? President


532. Which of the following is not a prescribed qualification to become President of India? Should be a Graduate


533. Which is the highest Court of Justice of India? Supreme Court


534. The President of India is similar to? Queen of England


535. President declares emergencies? On the advice of the Council of Ministers


536. The President can return a Bill for reconsideration by the Parliament for _____ time(s)? One


537. Who was the President of India at Proclamation of Emergency in the year 1976? Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad


538. Who was the Defence Minister of India during the Indo-China War of 1962? V. K. Krishna Menon


539. Which portfolio was held by Dr. Rajendra Prasad in Interim Government formed in the year 1946? Food and Agriculture


540. Which system of Government, in which the ‘Real Executive’ is absolutely dependent upon the wishes of the Legislatures? Parliamentary


541. In India, a tax on agricultural incomes can be levied by? Only the State Governments


542. Which one of the following is not among the sources of revenue for the Union? Land revenue


543. Under which Articles, the Supreme Court has been given the powers to review any judgment pronounced or order made it previously? 137


544. The office of the Lokpal and Lokayuktha in India is based on one of the following? Ombudsman in Scandinavia


545. The constituents of Indian Parliament, as mentioned in the Constitution are the? President, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha


546. The name of Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Islands was changed to Lakshadweep by an Act of Parliament in? 1973


547. The full status of ‘State’ was conferred upon the Union Territories of Manipur and Tripura in? 1972


548. Which one of the following States / Union Territories of the country has more than 50% tribal population of the total population? Dadra and Nagar Haveli


549. The Residuary Powers (i.e. those relating to subjects not mentioned in any of the three lists included in the VII Schedule) are, according to our Constitution, vested in the? Union Parliament


550. The Secretary-General of Lok Sabha, who is the Chief of its Secretariat, is? Appointed by the Speaker


551. Which Commission was set up in pursuance of a definite provision under the Article of the Indian Constitution? Election


552. Which one of the following is not a type of relationship specified by the Constitution of India between Center and States? Judicial


553. Which one of the following is not a constitutionally mandated body? Center-State relations


554. Who was the first Chairman of the Planning Commission? Jawaharlal Nehru


555. Who among the following enjoy the rank of a Cabinet Minister? (i) Deputy Chairman of Planning Commission, (ii) Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha & (iii) Speaker of Lok Sabha(i) Deputy Chairman of Planning Commission, (ii) Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha & (iii) Speaker of Lok Sabha


556. Which is the constitutional authority that has been made responsible for constituting the Finance Commission periodically? President of India


557. The Finance Commission is normally expected to be constituted after every ____ years. Five


558. Which is true for the Finance Commission? It is constituted under the Article 280 of the Constitution


559. Who among the following was the Chairman of the Committee on Pricing and Taxation of Petroleum products? Dr. C. Rangarajan


560. Who among the following was the Head of the Investment Commission which submitted its Report to the Government of India recently (2007)? Ratan Tata


561. Who was the Chief Justice of India when Public Interest Litigation was introduced to the Indian Judicial system? P. N. Bhagwati


562. The concept of Public Interest Litigation has strengthened? Rule of Law


563. Public Interest Litigation means? Petitions by any conscious person or organization on behalf of an aggrieved person or group for reasons of interest of the public


564. In India, National Income is estimated by? Central Statistical Organization


565. As per Article 100 (3), the quorum to constitute a meeting of either House of Parliament is? One-tenth of the total number of members of that House


566. The ‘Rule of Law’ means? That no person can be punished unless his guilt is established by a fair trial


567. The term ‘Law’ used in the expression ‘Rule of Law’ refers to? Positive Law


568. The draft of the Indian Penal Code was prepared by _____ Indian Law Commission? First


569. In a particular case, the advice tendered by the Council of Ministers is sent back by the President for reconsideration. If the Council of Ministers adhere to their earlier advice, the President? Has no option but to accept such advice


570. In which of the following situations can the President promulgate the Ordinance? Parliament is not in session


571. The gap (period) between two sessions of the Lok Sabha is termed as? Prorogation


572. Both the Union and the States derive their authority from the Constitution of India which divides, as between them, all of the following powers, except? Judicial


573. Which of the following Schedules in the Constitution divides the legislative powers between the Union and the States? VII


574. The powers to legislate with respect to any matter not enumerated in any of the three Lists are mentioned as?  Residuary Powers.


575. Which of the following is empowered to determine finally as to whether or not a particular matters falls in this category? Judiciary only


576. The vesting of Residuary Powers under our Constitution in the Union, instead of the State Legislatures, follows the precedent of the __________ Constitution? Canadian


577. When two Houses of Parliament differ regarding a Bill, then the deadlock is resolved by? A Joint Sitting of the two Houses


578. 'Closure' in Parliamentary terminology means? A rule of legislative procedure under which further debate on a motion can be stopped


579. Which one of the following statements is not correct? The proposal for amending the Constitution can only be initiated in Lok Sabha


580. In which of the following cases is a joint session of the two Houses of Parliament not necessary? A Bill to amend the Constitution


581. Which of the following is not a tool of legislative control over administration in India? Dissolution of House


582. The Secretary General of the Lok Sabha is the Chief of its Secretariat and is? Appointed by the Speaker


583. Main Standing Committee of Lok Sabha is / are? Public Accounts, Public Understanding, Estimate


584. To whom does the Public Accounts Committee submits its report? Speaker of Lok Sabha


585. The work of General Purpose Committee is to advice the? Speaker


586. Which one of the following is not a Parliamentary Committee? Demands for Grants Committee


587. Which of the following Committees are sometimes described as ‘Twin Sisters’? Public Account and Estimate Committees


588. To which of the following Bills the President must accord his sanction without sending it back for fresh consideration? Money Bill


589. All of the following statements in regard to Money Bills are incorrect, except? A Money Bill can only be introduced in Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha has no power to make a change in it against the will of Lok Sabha


590. 14 days notice is necessary for moving a? Resolution of impeaching the President


591. In the Union Budget in India, which Expenditure is the largest in amount? Non-Plan


592. The 11th Five-Year Plan has been named as? Towards Infrastructural and Agricultural Growth


593. On which of the following subjects does the power to legislate vest both in the Union as well as the State legislatures? Acquisition and requisitioning of property


594. The President is empowered to establish an Inter-State Council if at any time it appears to him that the public interests would be served thereby. Which of the following has not so been set up? Inter-State Commerce Council


595. The Council of Ministers in India remains in their Office till it enjoys the support of? Majority of the Members of Lok Sabha


596. The Council of Ministers is? Larger than Cabinet


597. The resolution for removing the Vice President of India can be moved in the? Rajya Sabha alone


598. Anti-Defection Act relating to disqualification of Members of Parliament and State Legislatures does not covers? Chairman of Rajya Sabha


599. Which statement is not correct? The Supreme Court of India has to look into all disputes with regard to the election of Vice President of India


600. Which one of the following Amendments to the Constitution clearly has laid down that the President of India is bound to accept the advice given by the Council of Ministers? 42nd


601. Which one of the following statements is not correct? North-East India accounts for a little over half of the country’s tribal population


602. Under which Ministry of the Government of India does the Food and Nutrition Board work? Ministry of Human Resource Development


603. The Archaeological Survey of India is an attached office of the Department / Ministry of ? Culture


604. Survey of India is under the Ministry of? Science and Technology


605. Which one of the following is not a Department in Ministry of Human Resources Development? Technical Education and Literacy


606. Which one of the following Articles of the Constitution of India says that the executive power of every State shall be so exercised as not to impeded or prejudice the exercise of the executive power of the Union? 257


607. Under which Article of the Indian Constitution did the President give his assent to the ordinance on electoral reforms when it was sent back to him by the Union Cabinet without making any changes (in the year 2002)? 123


608. Which one of the following statements is correct? There is no constitutional bar for a nominated member to be appointed as a Union Minister


609. The power to enlarge the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India with respect to any matter included in the Union List of Legislative Powers rests with? Parliament


610. Under which Article of the Indian Constitution did the President make a reference to the Supreme Court to seek the Court’s opinion on the Constitutional validity of the Election Commission’s decision on deferring the Gujarat Assembly elections (in the year 2002)? 143


611. Which one of the following statements is not correct? Among all the States of India, Maharashtra publishes the largest number of newspapers


612. With reference to the Indian Polity, which one of the following statements is correct? President can make the ordinance only when either of the two Houses of Parliament is not in session


613. The Consultative Committee of the Members of Parliament for Railway Zones is constituted by? Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs


614. The Supreme Court of India tenders advice to the President of India on the matter of law or fact? Only if he seeks such advice


615. Which is correct under the hierarchy of Courts? Supreme Court, High Courts, Other Courts


616. 'Judicial Activism' refers to? Expansion of jurisdiction of courts


617. Which one of the following duty is not performed by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India? To control the receipt and issue of public money, and to ensure that the public revenue is lodged in the exchequer


618. If a new State of Indian Union is to be created, which Schedule of Constitution must be amended? First


619. Which subject is under the Union List in the 7th Schedule of the Constitution of India? Regulation of labor


620. The Speaker can ask a member of the House to stop speaking and let another member speak. This phenomenon is known as? Yielding the floor


621. The sovereign power under the Indian Constitution rests with the? Parliament


622. Parliament is an instrument of _____ Justice. ? Legal


623. Under which Article of the Constitution does the Central Government gives Plan assistance to the State Government? 275


624. Which one of the following is the correct sequence of Union Territories of India in the increasing order of their area? Lakshadweep – Chandigarh – Pondicherry – Andaman and Nicobar Islands


625. What is Value Added Tax? A simple, transparent, easy to pay tax imposed on the consumers


626. The VAT adopted by 21 States replaced which of the following taxes? State Sales Tax


627. Which one of the following is not a Central Government Tax? Land Tax


628. Who is the President of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research? Prime Minister


629. Under the Constitution, which of the following functionaries can be suspended? Members of Public Service Commission


630. In India, present trend of rapid urbanization is due to? Lack of employment opportunities in rural areas


631. Under the Indian Parliamentary practices, normally how many sessions take place? 3


632. The Contingency Fund of India rests at the disposal of the? President


633. Which is not a characteristic of economically under developed countries? High proportion of labor in secondary activity


634. Who declares war and concludes peace? President, in the advice of the Cabinet

• Key concept: Banking Related Acts
• Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams.
• Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.

1. Negotiable Instrument Act–1881
2. The Bankers’Books Evidence Act–1891
3. The ReserveBank of India Act–1934
4. The Industrial Finance Corporation of India Act–1948
5. The Banking Companies (Legal Practitioner Clients’ Accounts) Act–1949
6. The Industrial Disputes (Banking and Insurance Companies) Act–1949
7. The Banking Regulation(Companies) Rules–1949
8. The Banking Regulation Act–1949
9. The State Financial Corporations Act–1951
10. The Reserve Bank of India (Amendment and Misc. Provisions) Act–1953
11. The Industrial Disputes (Banking Companies) Decision Act–1955
12. The State Bank of India Act–1955
13. The State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act-1959
14. The Subsidiary Banks General Regulation–1959
15. The Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation Act–1961(DICGC)
16. The Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act–1970
17. The Regional Rural Banks Act–1976
18. The Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act–1980
19. The Export-Import Bank of India Act–1981
20. The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act–1981
21. Chit Fund Act–1982
22. Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions)Act–1985
23. The National Housing Bank Act–1987
24. SIDBI Act–1989
25. The Special Court (trial of Offences relating to Transactions in Securities) Act–1992
26. The Industrial Finance Corporation (Transfer of Undertakings and Repeal) Act–1993
27. Industrial Reconstruction Bank (Transfer of Undertaking & Appeal) Act–1997
28. The Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act–(SARFASI-2002)
29. Industrial Development Bank (Transfer of Undertaking & Repeal) Act–2003
30. Credit Information Companies (Rules & Regulation) Act–2005
31. The Industrial Finance Corporation of India Act–1948
32. The Banking Companies (Legal Practitioner Clients’ Accounts) Act–1949
33. The Industrial Disputes (Banking and Insurance Companies) Act–1949
34. The State Financial Corporations Act–1951
35. The Reserve Bank of India (Amendment and Misc. Provisions) Act–1953
36. The Industrial Disputes (Banking Companies) Decision Act–1955
37. The State Bank of India Act–1955
38. The State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act-1959
39. The Subsidiary Banks General Regulation–1959
40. The Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation Act–1961
41. The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act–1981
42. Chit Fund Act–1982
43. Shipping Development Fund Committee (Abolition)Act–1985
44. Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions)Act–1985
45. The National Housing Bank Act–1987
46. The Special Court (trial of Offences relating to Transactions in Securities) Act–1992
47. The Industrial Finance Corporation (Transfer of Undertakings and Repeal) Act–1993
48. Industrial Reconstruction Bank (Transfer of Undertaking & Appeal) Act–1997
49. SIDBI General Regulations, 1990
50. Banking Regulation (Companies) Rules 1949
51. The Nationalised Banks (Management and Misc. Provisions)Scheme,1970
52. NABARD General Regulations 1982
53. Banking Companies (Period of Preservation of Records) Rules, 1985
54. Banking Companies (Regulation)Rules,1985
55. NABARD Bonds Regulations — 1988
56. The Banking Ombudsman Scheme, 2006
57. Factoring Act Rules, 2011
58. SARFAESI (Central registry) Rules,2011
59. Banker’s Books Evidence Act, 1891
60. Banking Regulation Act, 1949
61. Banking Companies (Legal Practitioners’ Clients’ Account) Act, 1949
62. Banking Regulation (Companies) Rules, 1949
63. Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertaking) Act, 1969
64. Debts Recovery Appellate Tribunal (Procedure) Rules,1994
65. Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, 1976
66. Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999
67. Indian Partnership Act, 1932
68. Indian Stamp Act, 1899
69. Indian Trusts Act, 1882
70. Limitation Act, 1963
71. Recovery of Debts due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act,1993
72. Reserve Bank of India Act — 1934

• Key concept: International Organizations And Their Headquarters List • Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams. • Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.  

• Key concept: Indian States And Their Symbols • Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams. • Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.  

• Key concept: List of state and union territory capitals in India • Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams. • Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.

No.	State	Administrative capitals	Legislative capitals	Judiciary capitals
1	Andhra Pradesh	Hyderabad (de jure to 2024) Amaravati (de facto from 2017)	Amaravati	Hyderabad
2	Arunachal Pradesh	Itanagar	Itanagar	Guwahati
3	Assam	Dispur	Guwahati	Guwahati
4	Bihar	Patna	Patna	Patna
5	Chhattisgarh	Naya Raipur	Raipur	Bilaspur
6	Goa	Panaji	Porvorim	Mumbai
7	Gujarat	Gandhinagar	Gandhinagar	Ahmedabad
8	Haryana	Chandigarh	Chandigarh	Chandigarh
9	Himachal Pradesh	ShimlaDharamshala (W/2nd)	Shimla (Summer)Dharamsala(Winter)	Shimla
10	Jammu and Kashmir	Srinagar (Summer) Jammu (Winter)	Srinagar (Summer) Jammu (Winter)	Srinagar (Summer) Jammu (Winter)
11	Jharkhand	Ranchi	Ranchi	Ranchi
12	Karnataka	Bengaluru	Bengaluru	Bengaluru
13	Kerala	Thiruvananthapuram	Thiruvananthapuram	Kochi
14	Madhya Pradesh	Bhopal	Bhopal	Jabalpur
15	Maharashtra	Mumbai Nagpur (W/2nd)	Mumbai (S+B) Nagpur (W)	Mumbai
16	Manipur	Imphal	Imphal	Imphal
17	Meghalaya	Shillong	Shillong	Shillong
18	Mizoram	Aizawl	Aizawl	Guwahati
19	Nagaland	Kohima	Kohima	Guwahati
20	Odisha	Bhubaneswar	Bhubaneswar	Cuttack
21	Punjab	Chandigarh	Chandigarh	Chandigarh
22	Rajasthan	Jaipur	Jaipur	Jodhpur
23	Sikkim	Gangtok	Gangtok	Gangtok
24	Tamil Nadu	Chennai	Chennai	Chennai
25	Telangana	Hyderabad	Hyderabad	Hyderabad
26	Tripura	Agartala	Agartala	Agartala
27	Uttar Pradesh	Lucknow	Lucknow	Allahabad
28	Uttarakhand	Dehradun	Dehradun	Nainital
29	West Bengal	Kolkata	Kolkata	Kolkata

No.	State or union territory	Administrative capitals	Legislative capitals	Judiciary capitals
1	Andaman and Nicobar Islands	Port Blair	Port Blair	Kolkata
2	Chandigarh	Chandigarh	—	Chandigarh
3	Dadra and Nagar Haveli	Silvassa	—	Mumbai
4	Daman and Diu	Daman	—	Mumbai
5	National Capital Territory of Delhi	New Delhi	New Delhi	New Delhi
6	Lakshadweep	Kavaratti	Kavaratti	Kochi
7	Puducherry	Puducherry	Puducherry	Chennai

• Key concept: First Indian Woman • Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams. • Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.    

• Key concept: Inventors of Vehicles • Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams. • Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.    

• Key concept: Inventors in the field of Aviation • Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams. • Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.  

• Key concept: Important Inventors and Inventions • Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams. • Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.

Inventors and their groundbreaking innovations have played a pivotal role in shaping the course of human history and driving technological progress. From the earliest pioneers of electricity and telecommunications to the visionaries who ushered in the age of aviation and nuclear science, these individuals have left an indelible mark on the world.

Inventors of Domestic Appliances

Invention	Inventor	Year
Pendulum Clock	Christian Huyges	1656
Mechanical Clock	I. Hsing and Liang Ting Tsan	1725
Safety Match	John Walker	1826
Sewing Machine (Chain stitch)	Barthelemy Thimmonier	1841
Sewing Machine (Lock stitch)	Elias Howe	1846
Refrigerator	James Hansen and Alexander Catlin	1850
Typewriter	Christopher L Sholes	1867
Gramophone	Thomas Alva Edison	1878
Electric Lamp	Thomas Alva Edison	1879
Fountain Pen	Lewis E Waterman	1884
Ball-point Pen	John J Loud	1888
Ball-point Pen (Present form)	Ladislao Jose Biro	1938
Airconditioning	Willis Haviland Carrier	1906
Kitchen Blender	Stephen Poplawski	1922
TV (Mechanical)	JL Baird	1926
TV (Electronic)	PT Farnsworth	1927
Thermos Flask	Sir James Dewar	1892
Electric Iron	Henry Seely	1882
Microwave Oven	Percy Spencer	1947
Dishwasher (hand-powered)	Josephine Cochrane	1887

Inventions during the Industrial Revolution

Invention	Inventor	Year
Flying Shuttle	John Kay	1733
Powerloom	E Cartwright	1785
Spinning Frame	Sir Richard Arkwright	1769
Spinning Jenny	James Hargreaves	1764
Spinning Mule	Samuel Crompton	1779

Inventors of Aviation Machines

Invention	Year	Inventor
Aeroplane	1903	Orville and Wilbur Wright
Airship (non-rigid)	1852	Henri Giffard
Airship (rigid)	1900	G.F. vonZeppelin
Hot air balloon	1783	Jacques and Joseph Montgolfier
Gliders	1853	Sir George Cayley
Helicopter	1924	Etienne Oehmichen
Hovercraft	1955	Christopher Cockerrell
Jet Engine	1937	Sir Frank Whittle
Parachute	1797	AJ Garnerin
Rocket	1926	Robert Goddard

Inventors of Vehicles and Related Equipment

Invention	Year	Inventor
Bicycle	1839-40	Kirkpatrick Macmillan
Bicycle tyres	1888	John Boyd Dunlop
Petrol Car	1886	Karl Benz
Carburettor	1876	Gottlieb Daimler
Diesel Engine	1895	Rudolf Diesel
Ship (steam)	1775	JC Perier
Ship (turbine)	1894	Sir C. Parsons
Submarine	1776	David Bushnell
Motorcycle	1885	G Daimler of Cannstatt
Streetcar	1834	Thomas Davenport

Inventors of Weapons and War Equipment

Invention	Year	Inventor
Atom Bomb	1945	J Robert Oppenheimer
Automatic Rifle	1918	John Browning
Ballistic Missile	1944	Wernher vonBraun
Bolt action rifle	1889	P von Mauser
Guided Missile	1942	Wernher vonBraun
Hydrogen Bomb	1952	Edward Teller
Neutron Bomb	1958	Samel Cohen
Tank	1914	Sir Ernest D Swington
Machine gun	1718	James Puckle
Revolver	1836	Samuel Colt
AK-47	1946	Mikhail Kalashnikov
Dynamite	1867	Alfred Nobel

• Key concept: Discovery of Elements • Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams. • Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.            

• Key concept: Founders on the Net • Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams. • Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.    

• Key concept: Inventors of Weapons • Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams. • Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.    

• Key concept: Defence Training Establishments • Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams. • Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.      

• Key concept: Number of Players in Sports • Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams. • Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.        

• Key concept: Mottos of International Organisations • Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams. • Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.

These mottos, serving as succinct expressions of purpose, can offer valuable insights into the organizations' guiding principles and goals.

This article delves into the mottos of various international organizations, exploring the stories behind them and their significance in the contemporary world order.

List of famous organisations of the world and their "Motto"

Organisation	Motto
World Bank	Working for a World Free of Poverty
Amnesty International	It is better to light a candle than to curse the darkness
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)	Animus in consulendo liber - A Mind Unfettered in Deliberation
Association of South East Nations (ASEAN)	One vision, One Identity, One community
International Chamber of Commerce	The World Business Organization
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)	One world, One Internet
World Economic Forum	Committed to improving the state of the world
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)	Advancing Chemistry Worldwide
Worldwide Fund for Nature	Building a future in which people and nature thrive
African Union	A United and Strong Africa
International Olympic Committee	Faster, Higher, Stronger (Citius, Altius, Fortius)
Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)	For the Game, For the World.
World Chess Federation (FIDE)	Gens una sumus; "We are one people"
International Hockey Federation (FIH)	FairPlay Friendship Forever
International Cricket Council (ICC)	Great Sport, Great Spirit
International Basketball Federation (FIBA)	We are basketball

• Key concept: Equivalent Ranks in the Armed Forces • Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams. • Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.    

• Key concept: Commands of Army, Navy and Air Force • Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams. • Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.            

• Key concept: The Prime Minister’s of India and their tenure • Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams. • Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.

The Prime Minister’s of India and their tenure

It's been 70 years India is an independent nation and has seen a number of dynamic personalities as its Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is the executive head of country and all the de facto power are vested in the PM and his respective Council of Ministers. Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister Of Independent India and the current premier is Shri Narendra Modi.

Sr. No.	Prime Minister Name	Tenure
1	Jawaharlal Nehru	Tenure – 15th Aug 1947 – 27th May 1964 for 16 years, 286 days
2.	Gulzarilal Nanda	27 May 1964 – 9th June 1964 for 13 days 11th January 1966 – 24th January 1966 for 13 days
3.	Lal Bahadur Shastri	9th June 1964 – 11 January 1966 for 1 year, 216 days
4.	Indira Gandhi	24th January 1966 – 24th March 1977 for 11 years, 59 days 14th January 1980 – 31st October 1984 for 4 years, 291 days
5.	Morarji Desai (JANATA PARTY)	24th March 1977 – 28th July 1979 for 2 years, 126 days
6.	Charan Singh (JANATA Party (SECULAR))	28th July 1979 – 14th January 1980 for 170 days
7.	Rajiv Gandhi (INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS)	31st October 1984 – 2nd December 1989 for 5 years, 32 days
8.	V.P. Singh (JANATA DAL)	2nd December 1989 – 10th November 1990 for 343 days
9.	Chandra Shekhar (SAMAJWADI JANATA PARTY)	10th November 1990 to 21st June 1991 for 223 days
10.	P. V. Narasimha Rao (INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS)	21st June 1991 – 16th May 1996 for 4 years 330 days
11	Atal Bihari Vajpayee (BHARATIYA JANATA PARTY)	16th May 1996 – 1st June 1996 for 16 days 19th March 1998 – 22nd May 2004 for 6 years 64 days
12	H. D. Deve Gowda (JANATA DAL) I.K. Gujral	1st June 1996 – 21st April 1997 for 324 days 21st April 1997 – 19th March 1998 for 332 days
13	Manmohan Singh (INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS)	22nd May 2004 – May 2014
14	Narendra Modi (BHARATIYA JANATA PARTY)	May 2014

Read more:

• The Prime Minister: Roles, Duties, Appointment, etc

• Key concept: Brand Ambassadors in India 2017 • Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams. • Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below. Ambassadors of various Brands in India for the year 2017. Celebrities play great role in popularizing important government schemes that are meant for public or large set of audience. In India various famous people are appointed as Brand Ambassadors. On this page we bring you the list of famous brand Ambassadors in India.  

• Key concept: Countries Capitals & Currencies
• Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams.
• Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.

Asia Continent Countries & Capitals, Currency with Code
Africa Continent Countries & Capitals, Currency with Code
Australia Continent Countries & Capitals, Currency with Code
Europe Continent Countries & Capitals, Currency with Code
South America Continent Countries & Capitals, Currency with Code
North America Continent Countries & Capitals, Currency with Code

• Key concept: Asia Continent countries & Capitals, Currency with Code • Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams. • Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.

Asia Continent Countries & Capitals, Currency with Code

   

• Key concept: Africa Continent Countries Capitals with Currency & Code • Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams. • Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.

Africa Continent Countries Capitals with Currency & Code

Sr. No.	Country	Capital	Currency	Language
1.	Algeria	Agiers	Algerian dinar (DZD)	Arabic
2.	Angola	Luanda	Kwanza(AOA)	Portuguese
3.	Benin	Porto-Novo (official)	West African CFA franc (XOF)	French
4.	Botswana	Gaborone	Pula(BWP)	English,Setswana
5.	Burkina Faso	Ouagadougou	West African CFA franc(XOF)	French
6.	Burundi	Bujumbura	Burundian franc(BIF)	Kirundi,French
7.	Cameroon	Yaoundé	Central AfricanCFA franc(XAF)	French,English
8.	Cape Verde	Praia	Cape Verdean escudo(CVE)	Portuguese
9.	Central African Republic	Bangui	Central African CFA franc (XAF)	French,Sango
10.	Chad	N’Djamena	Central African CFA franc(XAF)	French,Arabic
11.	Comoros	Moroni	Comorian franc(KMF)	Comorian,Arabic,French
12.	Congo (Congo-Brazzaville)	Brazzaville	Central African CFA franc (XAF)	French
13.	Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast)	Yamoussoukro (official),Abidjan (seat of government)	West African CFA franc(XOF)	French
14.	Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa)	Kinshasa	Congolese franc(CDF)	French
15.	Djibouti	Djibouti	Djiboutian franc(DJF)	French,Arabic
16.	Egypt	Cairo	Egyptian pound(EGP)	Arabic
17.	Equatorial Guinea	Malabo	Central African CFA franc (XAF)	Spanish,French,Portuguese
18.	Eritrea	Asmara	Eritrean nakfa (ERN)	Tigrinya,Arabic,English
19.	Ethiopia	Addis Ababa	Ethiopian birr (ETB)	Amharic
20.	Gabon	Libreville	Central African CFA franc (XAF)	French
21.	Gambia	Banjul	Gambian dalasi (GMD)	English
22.	Ghana	Accra	Ghana cedi (GHS)	English
23.	Guinea	Conakry	Guinean franc(GNF)	French
24.	Guinea-Bissau	Bissau	West African CFA franc(XOF)	Portuguese
25.	Kenya	Nairobi	Kenyan shilling(KES)	Swahili,English
26.	Lesotho	Maseru	Lesotho loti(LSL)	English,Sesotho
27.	Liberia	Monrovia	Liberian dollara(LRD)	English
28.	Libya	Tripoli	Libyan dinar (LYD)	Arabic
29.	Madagascar	Antananarivo	Malagasy ariary(MGA)	Malagasy,French
30.	Malawi	Lilongwe	Kwacha(D) (MWK)	English,Chichewa
31.	Mali	Bamako	West African CFA franc (XOF)	French
32.	Mauritania	Nouakchott	Ouguiya(MRO)	Arabic
33.	Mauritius	Port Louis	Mauritian rupee(MUR)	Mauritian Creole,French,English
34.	Mayotte	Mamoudzou,Overseas department of France	Euro(EUR)	French
35.	Morocco	Rabat	Moroccan dirham(MAD)	Arabic,Berber
36.	Mozambique	Maputo	Mozambican metical(MZN)	Portuguese
37.	Namibia	Windhoek	Namibian dollar(NAD)	English
38.	Niger	Niamey	West African CFA franc(XOF)	French
39.	Nigeria	Abuja	Naira (NGN)	English
40.	Réunion	Saint-Denis	Euro	French
41.	Rwanda	Kigali	Rwandan franc(RWF)	Kinyarwanda,English, French
42.	Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha	Jamestown (Saint Helena), Georgetown (Ascension Island), Edinburgh of the Seven Seas (Tristan da Cunha)	Saint Helena pound,Pound sterling	English
43.	Sao Tome and Principe	São Tomé	Dobra(STD)	Portuguese
44.	Senegal	Dakar	CFA franc(XOF)	French
45.	Seychelles	Victoria	Seychellois rupee(SCR)	Seychellois Creole, French,English
46.	Sierra Leone	Freetown	Leone(SLL)	English
47.	Somalia	Mogadishu	Somali shilling(SOS)	Somali,Arabic
48.	Somaliland	Hargeisa	Somaliland shillinga (SLSH)	Somali,Arabic
49.	South Africa	Pretoria (administrative/executive), Cape Town (legislative), Bloemfontein (judicial)	South African rand(ZAR)	Afrikaans English SouthernNdebele Northern Sotho Southern Sotho Swazi Tsonga Tswana Venda Xhosa Zulu
50.	South Sudan	Juba	South Sudanese pound(SSP)	English
51.	Sudan	Khartoum	Sudanese pound(SDG)	Arabic,English
52.	Swaziland	Mbabane (administrative), Lobamba (royal and legislative)	South African randSwazi lilangeni (SZL)	English, Swati
53	Tanzania	Dodoma (official), Dar es Salaam (seat of government)	Tanzanian shilling(TZS)	Swahili,English
54.	Togo	Lomé	CFA franc(XOF)	French
55	Tunisia	Tunis	Tunisian dinar(TND)	Arabic
56.	Uganda	Kampala	Ugandan shilling(UGX)	Swahili,English,Luganda
57.	Zambia	Lusaka	Zambian kwacha(ZMW)	English
58.	Zimbabwe	Harare	various(United States Dollar, Euro, Botswana pula, Pound sterling, South African rand)	English,Shona,Sindebele

• Key concept: Australia Continent Countries & Capitals, Currency with Code • Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams. • Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.

Australia Continent Countries & Capitals, Currency with Code

• Key concept: Europe Continent Countries & Capitals, Currency with Code • Essential for UPSC CSE Prelims, State PSCs, SSC CGL & Railway exams. • Comprehensive analytical coverage and factual pointers provided below.

Europe Continent Countries & Capitals, Currency with Code