Chapter 1
Revolt of 1857: Causes, Key Leaders, and Aftermath
High-yield prelims & mains revision notes on the 1857 Revolt. Covers doctrine of lapse, Enfield rifle controversy, storm centers, and Queen Victoria Proclamation.
Academic Domain
Modern History Study Notes & Syllabus
Freedom struggle, British expansion, socio-religious reform movements, and national movement.
Syllabus Chapters & Topics
Track your preparation with our structured 2-Layer notes
72 Chapters Published
Chapter 2
Music: Indian Heritage & Culture
Indian Heritage & Culture: Music Classical Music Two main schools of classical music - Hindustani and Carnatic - continue to survive through oral tradi...
Chapter 3
FIRST ANGLO-MYSORE WAR (1767-1769)
The English were confident of their military strength after their success in Bengal. They concluded a treaty with the Nizam of Hyderabad (1766) persuading ...
Chapter 4
Ghadar Party (1913): History, Leaders, Objectives & MCQs
Learn about the Ghadar Party, its formation in 1913, Lala Har Dayal, Sohan Singh Bhakna, The Ghadar newspaper, Komagata Maru incident and the planned revolt of 1915. Includes important exam facts and MCQs.
Chapter 5
Nimbarka
Younger contemporary of Ramanujam who propounded the Dvaita advaita philosophy and the philosophy of Bheda Abheda (difference/ non–difference). According t...
Chapter 6
PADMANABHA SWAMY TEMPLE
o It is a Hindu temple. o The temple is built in an intricate fusion of the Chera style and the Dravidian style of architecture, featuring high walls, and ...
Chapter 7
King Krishnadevaraya
He was the king of the Vijayanagara Empire who reigned in the 16th century over most of South India. He built large tanks and canals for irrigation. He mai...
Chapter 8
Civil Disobedience Movement
• The Lahore Congress of 1929 had given the mandate to launch the civil disobedience movement along with the non-payment of taxes. • Mahatma Gandhi present...
Chapter 9
Surat Split
The Extremists wanted the 1907 session to be held in Nagpur (Central Provinces) with Tilak or Lajpat Rai as the president and reiteration of the swadeshi m...
Chapter 10
CALCUTTA SESSION, 1906
At the Calcutta session of the Congress in December 1906, the Extremists wanted either Tilak or Lajpat Rai as the president, while the Moderates proposed t...
Chapter 11
Rowlatt Act 1919
It was officially called the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act, but is popularly known as the Rowlatt Act. It was based on the recommendations made b...
Chapter 12
LORD LINLITHGOW (1936-44)
During the period of Linlithgow, parts of the Government of India Act 1935 came into force in 1937. Other events included – Resignation of Congress Ministr...
Chapter 13
LORD IRWIN
Viceroy of British India from 1926 to 1931. Simon Commission (1928)Nehru Report (1928)Jinnah’s 14 PointsMurder of Saunders in 1929Harcourt Butler Indian St...
Chapter 14
Lord Chelmsford
Viceroy of India from 1916 to 1921 Born12 August 1868, London, United KingdomDied1 April 1933, London, United KingdomNationalityBritishPartyConservative Pa...
Chapter 15
Lord Hardinge (Viceroy of India from 1910 - 1916)
Viceroy of India from 1910 - 1916 Full name:Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of PenshurstBorn:20 June 1858, London, United KingdomDied:2 August 1944, P...
Chapter 16
Lord Curzon (Viceroy of India 1899-1905)
Born in 1859 into British nobility, Curzon was educated at the elite Eton College school and attended Oxford. In 1891, he became Under-Secretary of State f...
Chapter 17
Lord Lansdowne (Viceroy of India 1888-94)
Factory Act 1891Indian Councils Act, 1892Civil services are categorized as Imperial, provincial & subordinate.Age of Consent act- girls' marriage age a...
Chapter 18
Lord Ripon (Viceroy of India: 1880-84)
1st Factory Act to improve labour conditions.Vernacular Press Act repealedFinancial decentralizationResolution on LSG(Father)Education Commission- William ...
Chapter 19
List of Viceroys in India (1858 to 1947)
The Revolt Of 1857 or the First War Of Independence was the immediate cause for the Act Of Good Governance 1858. It means the control of Indian rule ...
Chapter 20
Lord Lytton (Viceory of India: 1876-80)
Born:8 November 1831, United KingdomDied: 24 November 1891, Paris, FranceLord Lytton (Viceory of India: 1876-80) Important Works – Royal Titles Act of 1876...
Chapter 21
Lord Mayo (Viceroy of India: 1869 - 1872)
Lord Mayo was the 4th Viceroy of India. Richard Southwell Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo, was an Irish statesman who served as Viceroy of India from 1869 until h...
Chapter 22
Lord Canning (Viceroy of India: 1856-62)
Charles Canning (14 December 1812 – 17 June 1862), also known as Viscount Canning and Clemency Canning, was a British statesman and Governor-General of Ind...
Chapter 23
LORD DALHOUSIE (Governor-General of India: 1848-56)
Lord Dalhousie, Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856 was born on 22 April 1812. He introduced the Doctrine of Lapse policy which turned out to ...
Chapter 24
WILLIAM BENTICK (Governor-General of India: 1828-35)
Full name: William Henry Cavendish-BentinckBorn: 14 September 1774, Buckinghamshire, United KingdomDied: 17 June 1839, Paris, FrancePrevious offices: Gover...
Chapter 25
LORD HASTINGS (Governor General of British India:1813-1823)
Full NameFrancis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of HastingsBorn:9 December 1754 County Down, Kingdom of IrelandDied: 28 November 1826 (aged 71) At sea off N...
Chapter 26
LORD WELLESLEY (Governor General of British India:1813-1823)
Born: 20 June 1760, Dangan Castle, IrelandDied: 26 September 1842, Knightsbridge, London, United KingdomPrevious offices: Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1821–...
Chapter 27
WARREN HASTINGS (Governor General of British India: 1773-85)
Born: 6 December 1732, Churchill, United KingdomDied: 22 August 1818, Daylesford, United KingdomOffices:Governor General of British India from 1773 to 1785...
Chapter 28
3rd Round Table Conference
The third Round Table Conference, held between November 17, 1932, and December 24, 1932, was not attended by the Indian National Congress and Gandhi. It wa...
Chapter 29
2nd Round Table Conference
The Second Round Table Conference was held in London from September 7, 1931, to December 1, 1931. By this time, Lord Irwin had been replaced by Lord Willin...
Chapter 30
1st Round Table Conference
The first Round Table Conference was held in London between November 1930 and January 1931 and was chaired by Ramsay MacDonald. This was the first conferen...
Chapter 31
Treaty of Salbai (1782)
The Treaty of Salbai, which ended the First Anglo-Maratha War, was signed on 17 May 1782 between the British East India Company and the Marathas. Salbai is...
Chapter 32
THIRD CARNATIC WAR (1758-63)
It was an echo of the Anglo-French struggle in Europe. In Europe, when Austria wanted to recover Silesia in 1756, the Seven Year's War (1756-63) started. B...
Chapter 33
SECOND CARNATIC WAR (1749-54)
The Second Carnatic War (1749-54) was a power struggle between various contenders to the positions of Nizam of Hyderabad and Nawab of the Carnatic, wi...
Chapter 34
FIRST CARNATIC WAR (1746–48)
The First Carnatic War was an extension of the Anglo-French War in Europe which was caused by the Austrian War of Succession. The First Carnatic War ended ...
Chapter 35
Francisco De Almeida
In 1505, the King of Portugal appointed a governor in India for a three-year term and equipped the incumbent with sufficient force to protect the Portugues...
Chapter 36
ALFONSO DE ALBUQUERQUE
Albuquerque, who succeeded Almeida as the Portuguese governor in India, was the real founder of the Portuguese power in the East. His Policy was of dominat...
Chapter 37
Wood's Despatch
Charles Wood was a British Liberal politician and Member of Parliament. He served as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1846 to 1852. Later he became the Pre...
Chapter 38
Lord Macaulay’s Minute
On 2 February 1835, British historian and politician Thomas Babington Macaulay presented his ‘Minute on Indian Education’ that sought to establish the need...
Chapter 39
Nuno Da Cunha: Portuguese Governor in India (1529–1538)
FeatureDetailsFull NameNuno da CunhaBorn1487, Kingdom of PortugalDied1539, near Cape of Good HopeTenure1529 – 1538 (Succeeded Lopo Vaz de Sampaio)Key Achie...
Chapter 40
Timeline of Indian History - Modern India (1707-1947)
1707 to 1749 1707Battle of Jajau, accession of Bahadur Shah I1708Death of Guru Gobind Singh1712Death of Bahadur Shah I, accession of Jahandar Shah1713Acces...
Chapter 41
Governor Generals (Bengal & India)
Governor General of Bengal (1773–1833) TermNameEvents1773-85 Highest tenure of allWarren HastingsRegulating Act of 1773 Act of 1781 Pitt’s India Act of 178...
Chapter 42
Portuguese Governors of India
1) Fransisco de Almada Fransisco de Almada was the first Portuguese Governor and founder of the Blue Water Policy. 2) Alphonso de Albuquerque Alphonso de A...
Chapter 43
LORD METCALFE (Governor-General of India:1835-36)
Lord Metcalfe was Governor-General of India from 1835 to 1836. Full Name:Charles Theophilus Metcalfe, 1st Baron MetcalfeBorn: 30 January 1785, KolkataDied:...
Chapter 44
Maratha Empire (1674-1818)
The Maratha Empire dominated a large part of the Indian subcontinent in the 17th century. The empire formally existed from 1674 with the coronation of Chat...
Chapter 45
Shivaji Raje Bhonsle (1674-80)
Born:19 February 1630, Shivneri Fort, KusurDied:3 April 1680, Raigad FortShivaji Raje Bhonsle (1674-80) Born in the hill fortress of Shivmer in Poona on Fe...
Chapter 46
Sambhaji (1681–89)
Born: 14 May 1657, Purandar Fort, GherapurandharDied:11 March 1689, TulapurSambhaji (1681–89) Sambhaji was the elder son of Shivaji who was credited for de...
Chapter 47
Government of India Act 1919 (Montagu-Chelmsford reforms)
The British government, not prepared to part with or even share its power with the Indians, once again resorted to the policy of ‘carrot and stick’. The ca...
Chapter 48
Foreign Travellers in Medieval India
India is known as the world’s spiritual leader. In ancient times, India’s educational system was superior to that of all other countries. Perhaps this is w...
Chapter 49
History of Medieval India
The time from the 8th to the 12th century is known as the Medieval Period. It is again divided into two periods- The early Medieval period a...
Chapter 50
Vijayanagar Empire (1336-1672)
By the end of the Sultanate Period, Multan and Bengal were the first territories to break away from Delhi and declared independence. Many other territories...
Chapter 51
Rashtrakuta Dynasty (755–975 AD)
The main Chalukya dynasty survived until 753 when one of its feudatories seized power and installed a new dynasty on the throne. This was the Rashtrakuta d...
Chapter 52
Gurjara Pratihara Dynasty (725-1036)
The geographical name of Gujarat is supposed to be derived from Gurjara. The literary meaning of Pratihara is ‘door keeper.’ The Gurjara Pratihara dynasty ...
Chapter 53
16 Mahajanapadas (with Capital)
The Mahajanapadas were a set of sixteen kingdoms that existed in ancient India. It all began when the tribes (Janas) of the late Vedic period decided to fo...
Chapter 54
Taxila University
Taxila University is the oldest university and was probably the first organized educational centre in ancient India. According to the Indian epic Ramayana,...
Chapter 55
Chola Dynasty (848-1279)
The Chola dynasty was a Tamil dynasty in southern India. They are one of the longest-ruling dynasties in history. The earliest references to the Chola dyna...
Chapter 56
Ardeshir Burzorji Tarapore
Lieutenant Colonel Ardeshir Burzorji Tarapore was born on August 18, 1923 in Mumbai. He was popularly known as "Adi". Ardeshir was transferred to the 1st H...
Chapter 57
Bhakti Movement
There is a close relationship between socio-political and economic trends and religious activity, the bhakti movements cannot be seen in isolation. The 14t...
Chapter 58
Sufism in India
Sufism was a liberal reform movement within Islam. It had its origin in Persia and spread into India in the 11th century. Most of the Sufis (mystics) ...
Chapter 59
Sikhism
Sikh Gurus Guru Nanak (1469 – 1539) Guru Nanak is the 1st Sikh Guru and founder of the Sikhism, who was also a Nirguna Bhakti Saint.He was born in a villag...
Chapter 60
Rajput Dynasties
The term Rajput denotes a tribe or clan, the members of which claimed themselves as Kshatriyas belonging to the ‘solar’ or lunar’ dynasties. The Hunas, Gur...
Chapter 61
Bhil Revolt (1817-19)
The Bhils who lived in the Western Ghats controlled the mountain passes between the north and the Deccan. They revolted against Company rule in 1817-19, as...
Chapter 62
Chuar Revolt
Famine-enhanced land revenue demands, and economic distress goaded the Chuar aboriginal tribesmen of the Jungle Mahal of the Midnapore district and also of...
Chapter 63
Santhal Rebellion (1855)
It was a revolt against the oppression of colonial rule to end the despotic British revenue system and the zamindari system in India. The rebellion was led...
Chapter 64
KHASI UPRISING (1830s)
The Anglo-Khasi War was part of the independence struggle between the Khasi people and the British Empire between the years 1829-1833. The war started with...
Chapter 65
Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-1784)
Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-1784) Haidar Ali accused the English of breach of faith and non-observance of the Treaty of Madras when in 1771 he was attack...
Chapter 66
Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790-1792)
Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790-1792) In April 1790, Tipu declared war against Travancore for the restoration of his rights, and the English, siding with Trav...
Chapter 67
Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799)
Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799) The Fourth Anglo-Mysore War was a conflict in South India between the Kingdom of Mysore against the British East India Compa...
Chapter 68
KHELCHAWA FESTIVAL
Khelchawa Festival is an annual cultural and sports festival held in the state of Assam, India. The festival is organized by the Department of Sports and Y...
Chapter 69
Charter Act of 1813
The Charter Act of 1813 was a significant piece of legislation passed by the British Parliament that had far-reaching implications for the governance of In...
Chapter 70
The Non-Cooperation Movement
The Non-Cooperation Movement was a significant event in India's freedom struggle that marked a turning point in the country's history. It was a mass moveme...
Chapter 71
Swadeshi Movement
The Swadeshi Movement was a pivotal chapter in the Indian freedom struggle that emerged as a result of the British colonization of India. It was a movement...
Chapter 72
Karpoori Thakur: Champion of Social Justice and Recipient of the Bharat Ratna
Karpoori Thakur was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in 2024. This recognition came on the eve of his 100th birth ann...